Chứng minh rằng nếu :\(\frac{a}{b}\)= \(\frac{b}{c}\)thì \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)= \(\frac{a}{c}\)( với b,c \(\ne\)0 )
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Do \(c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)=0\Leftrightarrow-c^2=2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)\)
Ta có; \(\frac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2-c^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2-c^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2+2\left(ab-ac-bc\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a-c\right)^2+2\left(ab-bc\right)}{2\left(b-c\right)^2+2\left(ab-ac\right)}=\frac{2\left(a-c\right)^2+2b\left(a-c\right)}{2\left(b-c\right)^2+2a\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-c+b\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-c+a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\) (đpcm)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)^2=\frac{ab}{bc}\)(Áp dụng tính chất a = b => a2 = b2 = ab)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{ab}{bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a}{c}\)(Trừ khử b trên tử và dưới mẫu còn a/c)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)^2=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
mà \(\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2}{b^2c^2}}=2\left|\frac{a}{c}\right|\ge\frac{2a}{c}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}.\frac{b}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+1\ge2.\frac{a}{b}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+1\ge2.\frac{b}{c}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a^2}+1\ge2.\frac{c}{a}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}+3\ge2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-3\)
\(\ge\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}-3=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = b = c
Ta co: \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}\ge\frac{a}{b}\); \(\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge\frac{b}{c}\);\(\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{c}{a}\)\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
\(a^2=bc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau; ta có :
\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{a}=\frac{a+b}{c+a}=\frac{a-b}{c-a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+a}{c-a}\)
Ta có :\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
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