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\(a.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=0,2.\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{15}.122,5\approx16,333\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{KClO_3}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.1,5=2,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2}=2,25.32=144\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{KClO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{KCl}=n_{KClO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH: 2KClO3 ----t°----> 2KCl + 3O2
b) nO2 = V / 22,4 = 6,72 / 22,4 = 0,3mol
nKClO3 = 2nO2 / 3 = 2 . 0,3 / 3 = 0,2mol
M KClO3 = 122,5g/mol
mKClO3 = n . M = 0,2 . 122,5 = 24,5g
c) nKCl = 2nKClO3 / 2 = 1,5mol
M KCl =74,5g
mKCl = n . M = 1,5 . 74,5 = 111,75g
nO2 = 3nKClO3 / 2 = 2,25mol
V O2 = n . 22,4 = 2,25 . 22,4 = 50,4l
Câu 1)
a) 2HgO\(-t^0\rightarrow2Hg+O_2\)
b)Theo gt: \(n_{HgO}=\frac{2,17}{96}\approx0,023\left(mol\right)\\ \)
theo PTHH : \(n_{O2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HgO}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot0,023=0,0115\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O2}=0,0115\cdot32=0,368\left(g\right)\)
c)theo gt:\(n_{HgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
theo PTHH : \(n_{Hg}=n_{HgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Hg}=0,5\cdot80=40\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2)
a)PTHH : \(S+O_2-t^0\rightarrow SO_2\)
b)theo gt: \(n_{SO2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
theo PTHH \(n_S=n_{SO2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_S=0,1\cdot32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có khối lượng S tham gia là 3,25 g , khối lượng S phản ứng là 3,2 g
Độ tinh khiết của mẫu lưu huỳnh là \(\frac{3,2}{3,25}\cdot100\%\approx98,4\%\)
c)the PTHH \(n_{O2}=n_{SO2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O2}=0,1\cdot32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: 2 KClO3 -to->2 KCl +3 O2
Ta có: nKClO3=2/3. 0,3=0,2(mol)
=>mKClO3=0,2.122,5=24,5(g)
Câu 3.
a.b.\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2mol\)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
c.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)
0,2 < 0,3 ( mol )
0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2g\)
Câu 4.
a.b.
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1mol\)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)
0,1 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
c.\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15mol\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_3O_4\)
0,15 < 0,15 ( mol )
0,15 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6g\)
1.
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{9,8}{122,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{3}{2}n_{KClO3}=\frac{3}{2}.0,08=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\)
2.
\(a,2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(b,n_{O2}=\frac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=2.1,5=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO4}=3.158=474\left(g\right)\)
3.
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
1____________________________0,5
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\left(1\right)\)
1____________________1,5
Đặt \(n_{KMnO4}=n_{KClO3}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O2\left(1\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{O2\left(2\right)}=1,5.22,4=33,6\left(l\right)\)
Vậy nung KClO3 sẽ cho thể tích oxi nhiều hơn.
a) \(2KClO3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
b) \(n_{KCl}=n_{KClO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KCl}=0,1.74,5=7,45\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,2=0,13\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,13.122,5=15,925\left(g\right)\)
d) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.1,5=2,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{O_2}=2,25.32=72\left(g\right)\)
a) 2KClO3 -> 2KCl + 3O2 (1)
b) 0,1.........->0,1
=> nếu có 0,1 mol KClO3 pứ sẽ thu được 0,1 mol KCl
c) nO2 = \(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}\) = 0,2 mol
theo pt (1) nKClO3 = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)nO2 = 0,13 mol
=>mKClO3 = 0,13 . 122,5 = 15,925 g
d) nO2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)nKClO3 = 0,225 mol
=>mO2 = 0,225 . 32 = 7,2 g
