Tìm GTNN
a)A=x^2+2y^2−2xy+2x−10yx2+2y2−2xy+2x−10y
b)B=x^2+6y^2+14z−8yz+6zx−4xy
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Lời giải:
a) \(A=x^2+2y^2-2xy+2x-10y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(x-y+1)^2+(y-4)^2-17\)
Ta thấy \((x-y+1)^2; (y-4)^2\geq 0\Rightarrow A\geq -17\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=-17\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-y+1=0\\ y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=3\\ y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(B=x^2+6y^2+14z^2-8yz+6xz-4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=(x-2y+3z)^2+2y^2+5z^2+4yz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=(x-2y+3z)^2+2(y+z)^2+z^2\)
Ta thấy \((x-2y+3z)^2; (y+z)^2; z^2\geq 0\forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\geq 0\Leftrightarrow B_{\min}=0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-2y+3z=0\\ y+z=0\\ z=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\)
a) \(A=x^2+2y^2+2xy+4x+6y+19\)
\(=\left[\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+2.\left(x+y\right).2+4\right]+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+14\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right).2+2^2\right]+\left(y+1\right)^2+14\)
\(=\left(x+y+2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+14\ge14\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+2=0\\y=-1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
b)Đề có gì đó sai sai...
c) Tương tự câu b,em cũng thấy sai sai...HÓng cao nhân giải ạ!
b) \(P=2x^2+y^2+2xy-2y-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P=4x^2+2y^2+4xy-4y-8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2P=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-12\ge-12\forall x;y\)
Có \(2P\ge-12\Leftrightarrow P\ge-6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=2\end{cases}}}\)
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
tìm gtnn của biểu thức
a/A= x^2 + 2y^2+2xy +4x + 6y +19
b/B=2x^2+y^2+2xy-2y-4
c/C=4x^2 +2xy-4x+4xy-3
\(A=x^2+y^2+2xy+4x+4y+4+y^2+2y+1+14\)
\(A=\left(x+y+2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+14\ge14\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=14\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=2\left(x^2+xy+\frac{y^2}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-6\)
\(B=2\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(y-2\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{min}=-6\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu c đề sai, sao vừa có 2xy lại có cả 4xy