-Giúp với ạ.
Cho a,b,c là 3 cạnh của tam giác, p là nửa chu vi.
CMR: \(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2.\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
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a. Xét hiệu: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
=\(\dfrac{b\left(a+b\right)+a\left(a+b\right)-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
Vì a,b>0
Xảy ra đẳng thức khi và chỉ khi a=b
a) Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(1\right)\forall a,b\)
( Dấu = xày ra khi và chỉ khi a=b)
Cộng 4ab vào 2 vế, ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+4ab\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
Chia 2 vế cho ab(a+b)>0, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
b) Ta có:
\(2p=a+b+c\)
\(p-a=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}-a=\dfrac{b+c-a}{2}>0\) vì b+c>a
Tương tự: \(p-b>0,p-c>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)cho từng cặp số p-a, p-b; p-b,p-c;p-c,p-a
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(p-a\right)+\left(p-b\right)}=\dfrac{4}{2p-\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{4}{c}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT cùng chiều (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế, ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
BĐT cô si: \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}>\left(hoặc=\right)\sqrt{xy}\)
=>x+y >(hoặc =) \(2\sqrt{xy}\)
=>\(\left(x+y\right)^2>\left(hoặc=\right)4xy\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}>\left(hoặc=\right)\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
vì P=\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=>a+b+c=2p\)
=>c=2p-a-b
b=2p-a-c
a=2p-b-c
ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}>hoặc=\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}>\left(hoặc=\right)\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-c}=\dfrac{4}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}>\left(hoặc=\right)\dfrac{4}{p-b+p-c}=\dfrac{4}{a}\)
cộng vế với vế ta đc
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)>\left(hoặc=\right)4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}>\left(hoặc=\right)2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\forall a;b>0\)và p - a; p - b; p - c > 0 theo bất đẳng thức trong tam giác.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức phụ vừa chứng minh, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2p-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{2p-b-c}=\dfrac{4}{a}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{2p-c-a}=\dfrac{4}{a}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng (1); (2); (3) theo vế, ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Ta CM BĐT sau :
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy ; ta có :
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\\ \Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2p-\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{4}{c}\\ \dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}\\ \dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{2p-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{2p-b-c}=\dfrac{4}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{2p-a-c}=\dfrac{4}{b}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(2VT\ge4VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge2VP\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a, Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(\sqrt{\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)}\le\dfrac{p-a+p-b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}\le\dfrac{p-b+p-c}{2}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\left(p-c\right)\left(p-a\right)}\le\dfrac{p-c+p-a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\le\dfrac{1}{8}abc\)
Câu hỏi của Phạm Thị Hường - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
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Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-c}=\dfrac{2}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{p-c+p-a}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)
Cộng từng về ta có đpcm
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{4}{2p-a-b}\)
Mà \(2p=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b+c-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)