Cho 3 số thực dương x,y thỏa mãn : \(x^2+y^3+z^4\text{=}1\)
Chứng minh : \(x^{2018}+y^{2019}+z^{2020}< 1\)
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\(x+y+z=9\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=81\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=81\\ \Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=\dfrac{81-27}{2}=27\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2=2xy+2yz+2xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{9}{3}=3\left(x+y+z=9\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^{2018}+\left(y-4\right)^{2019}+\left(z-4\right)^{2020}\\ =\left(-1\right)^{2018}+\left(-1\right)^{2019}+\left(-1\right)^{2020}=1-1+1=1\)
/\(2020\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)ápdụngBDT\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{9}{2\cdot2020}\)
\(ápdụngBĐTcosi\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\)
\(\)=> VP\(\ge\) 9/2
\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2019}=\dfrac{y}{2020}=\dfrac{z}{2021}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2019k\\y=2020k\\z=2021k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=4.\left(2019k-2020k\right).\left(2020k-2021k\right)=4.\left(-k\right).\left(-k\right)=4k^2\)
Lại có : \(\left(z-x\right)^2=\left(2021k-2019k\right)^2=4k^2\)
Do đó : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=\left(z-x\right)^2\)
Theo BĐT Cosi ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^4+y^4}{2}\ge\sqrt{x^4\cdot y^4}=x^2y^2\\\frac{y^4+z^4}{2}\ge\sqrt{y^4\cdot z^4}=y^2z^2\\\frac{z^4+x^4}{2}\ge\sqrt{z^4\cdot x^4}=x^2z^2\end{cases}\Rightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}\)
chứng minh tương tự: \(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xy^2z+xyz^2+x^2yz\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+x^2z^2\ge3xyz\)(do x+y+z=3)
Do đó: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge3xyz\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^4=y^4;y^4=z^4;z^4=x^4\\x^2y^2=y^2z^2;y^2z^2=z^2x^2;z^2x^2=x^2y^2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z}\)(1)
mà x+y+z=3 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => 3x=3 => x=1 => y=z=1
=> \(x^{2018}+y^{2019}+x^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)