Bài 6: Làm bay hơi 500ml dung dịch HNO3 20%(D = 1,20g/ml) để chỉ còn 300g dung dịch. Tính nồng độ % của dung dịch này.
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1) a) \(m_{ddHNO_3}=50.1,25=62,5g\)
b) Ta có: \(\frac{m_{HNO_3}}{m_{dd}}.100\left(\%\right)=\frac{40}{100}\Rightarrow m_{HNO_3}=25g\)
c) \(n_{HNO_3}=\frac{25}{63}mol\)
50ml=0,05l
\(C_M=\frac{\frac{25}{63}}{0,05}=7,94M\)
2) Gọi dd NaOH 35% là dd 1; dd NaOH 2,5% là dd 2
\(m_{dd1}=80.1,38=110,4g\)
\(m_{ct}=\frac{110,4.35}{100}=38,64g\)
\(m_{dd2}=\frac{38,64.100}{2,5}=1545,6g\)
\(V_{dd2}=\frac{1545,6}{1,03}=1500,58ml\)
mdd HNO3 500ml=500.1,2=600(g)
mHNO3=600.20%=150(g)
C% dd HNO3 mới=\(\dfrac{150}{300}.100\%=50\%\)
mdd HNO3 = 500x1,2= 600g
=> mHNO3=\(\dfrac{m\text{dd}.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\dfrac{600.20\%}{100\%}\)=120g
C% dd lúc sau= \(\dfrac{120}{200}\).100%=60%
\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23.5}{94}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
\(0.25...................0.5\)
\(C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.5............0.25............0.25\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.25\cdot98}{20\%}=122.5\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{122.5}{1.14}=107.5\left(ml\right)=0.1075\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.25}{0.1075+0.5}=0.4\left(M\right)\)
1)
\(m_{ddCuSO_4\left(bd\right)}=1,6.25=40\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O}=\dfrac{11,25}{250}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{CuSO_4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,045}{0,025}=1,8M\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,045.160}{40}.100\%=18\%\)
b)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.18}{100}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O}=\dfrac{5,634}{250}=0,022536\left(mol\right)\)
nCuSO4 (tách ra) = 0,022536 (mol)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4\left(dd.ở.t^o\right)}=36-0,022536.160=32,39424\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O\left(bd\right)}=200-36=164\left(g\right)\)
nH2O (tách ra) = 0,022536.5 = 0,11268 (mol)
=> \(m_{H_2O\left(dd.ở.t^o\right)}=164-0,11268.18=161,97176\left(g\right)\)
\(S_{t^oC}=\dfrac{32,39424}{161,97176}.100=20\left(g\right)\)
Câu 6:
\(m_{dd.bđ}=1,1.200=220\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeSO_4.7H_2O}=\dfrac{83,4}{278}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{dd.bđ}=\dfrac{0,3.152}{220}.100\%=20,73\%\)
Câu 7:
\(m_{MgCl_2\left(dd.ở.60^oC\right)}=\dfrac{500.37,5}{100}=187,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2O}=500-187,5=312,5\left(g\right)\)
Giả sử có a mol MgCl2.6H2O tách ra
\(n_{MgCl_2\left(dd.ở.10^oC\right)}=\dfrac{187,5}{95}-a=\dfrac{75}{38}-a\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2\left(dd.ở.10^oC\right)}=95\left(\dfrac{75}{38}-a\right)=187,5-95a\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O\left(tách.ra\right)}=6a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O\left(dd.ở.10^oC\right)}=312,5-18.6a\)=312,5 - 108a (g)
=> \(S_{10^oC}=\dfrac{187,5-95a}{312,5-108a}.100=53\left(g\right)\)
=> \(a=\dfrac{4375}{7552}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2.6H_2O}=\dfrac{4375}{7552}.203=117,6\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1 :
Ta có : \(20\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%\left(I\right)\)
Mà : \(25\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}-75}.100\%\left(II\right)\)
- Giair hệ phương trình ( I ) và ( II ) ta được : \(m_{dd}=375\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HNO_3}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HNO_3}=0,1.63=6,3\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{NaNO_3}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaNO_3}=0,04.85=3,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: mddHNO3(ban đầu)= 500. 1,20=600(g)
=> mHNO3= 20%. 600=120(g)
=> C%ddHNO3(sau)= (120/300).100 = 40%