Cho a, b, c là 3 cạnh của một tam giác. CMR:
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}\ge3\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
-Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c-a=x>0\\c+a-b=y>0\\a+b-c=z>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2c=x+y\\2a=y+z\\2b=z+x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\dfrac{x+y}{2}\\a=\dfrac{y+z}{2}\\b=\dfrac{z+x}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{\dfrac{y+z}{2}}{x}+\dfrac{\dfrac{z+x}{2}}{y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{2}}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{z+x}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\right]\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(2+2+2\right)=3\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
+ + ≥ 3.
Đặt b + c – a = x > 0 (1); a + c – b = y > 0 (2); a + b – c = z > 0 (3)
Cộng (1) và (2) => b + c – a + a + c – b = x + y ⇔ 2c = x + y ⇔ c =
Tương tự a = ; b =
Do đó + + = + + = ( + + + + + )
= [( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )] ≥ (2 + 2 + 2) = 3.
Vậy + + ≥ 3.
câu 1 :Đặt b+c-a=x; a+c-b=y ; a+b-c=z
vì a,b,c là 3 cạnh của tam giác nên
b+c-a>0 ; a+c-b>0 ; a+b-c>0
Đặt biểu thức \(\dfrac{a}{b +c-a}\)+\(\dfrac{b}{c+a-b}\)+\(\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}\)=S thì
2S=\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}\)+\(\dfrac{2b}{c+a-b}\)+\(\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\)
mà \(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}\)=\(\dfrac{a+c-b+a+b-c}{b+c-a}\)=\(\dfrac{y+z}{x}\) , tương tự
\(\dfrac{2b}{c+a-b}\)=\(\dfrac{x+z}{y}\)
\(\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y}{z}\)
=>2S=\(\dfrac{x+y}{z}\)+\(\dfrac{y+z}{x}\)+\(\dfrac{x+z}{y}\)=\(\dfrac{x}{z}\)+\(\dfrac{y}{z}\)+\(\dfrac{y}{x}\)+\(\dfrac{z}{x}\)+\(\dfrac{x}{y}\)+\(\dfrac{z}{y}\)
ta thấy \(\dfrac{x}{z}\)+\(\dfrac{z}{x}\)=\(\dfrac{x^{2^{ }}+z^2}{xz}\)\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{2xz}{xz}\)=2 tương tự với 2 cặp số nghich đảo còn lại thì ta có 2S\(\ge\)2+2+2=6
nên S\(\ge\)3
dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=y=z
câu 2 :
ta có a+b>c ;b+c>a ; a+c>b
xét \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)>\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}\)=\(\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}\)>\(\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
tương tự \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)>\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}\);\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)>\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
nên điều phải chứng minh
set \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=x\\b+c-a=y\\c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
\(VT=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{4x}}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}.\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4x\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4x\left(y+z\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4y\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4z\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(\sqrt{xy+xz}+\sqrt{yz+yx}+\sqrt{xz+zy}\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky:
\(\sum\sqrt{xy+yz}\le\sqrt{6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}}\)
Mà \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)(*)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}.\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}}=3\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z hay a=b=c=1
(*) Prove BĐT \(\left(m+n\right)\left(n+p\right)\left(m+p\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(m+n+p\right)\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
khai triển ,để ý rằng \(\left(m+n\right)\left(n+p\right)\left(p+m\right)=\left(m+n+p\right)\left(mn+np+pm\right)-mnp\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{2b}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2c}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2a}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) \(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a)a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác
\(\Rightarrow a< b+c\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
TT\(\Rightarrow b^2< ba+bc\)
\(c^2< ca+cb\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta có đpcm
b)BĐT\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge9\)(đúng theo AM-GM)
Lời giải:
Đặt \((b+c-a, c+a-b, a+b-c)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(\frac{y+z}{2}; \frac{x+z}{2}; \frac{x+y}{2})\)
Tất nhiên $x,y,z>0$ vì $a,b,c$ là 3 cạnh tam giác.
Khi đó, áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(\frac{a}{b+c-a}+\frac{b}{a+c-b}+\frac{c}{a+b-c}=\frac{y+z}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}\)
\(\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{(y+z)(x+z)(x+y)}{8xyz}}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{xz}.2\sqrt{xy}}{8xyz}}=3\)
Ta có đpcm
b) Vẫn cách đặt giống phần a. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{a}{a+b-c}+\frac{b}{b+c-a}+\frac{c}{c+a-b}=\frac{y+z}{2z}+\frac{x+z}{2x}+\frac{x+y}{2y}=\frac{y}{2z}+\frac{z}{2x}+\frac{x}{2y}+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{y}{2z}.\frac{z}{2x}.\frac{x}{2y}}+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}=3\)
Ta có đpcm.
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác là tam giác đều
Đặt: \(b+c-a=x\)
\(a+c-b=y\)
\(a+b-c=z\)
Suy ra:
\(2a=y+z\)
\(2b=x+z\)
\(2c=x+y\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge6\) ( BĐT luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh t/g
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c-a};\dfrac{b}{a+c-b};\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}>0\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}\)
\(A+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{b+a-c}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(b+c-a\right)}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+c-b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(b+a-c\right)}\)
\(A+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{1}{b+a-c}\right)\)
\(A+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\cdot\dfrac{9}{b+c-a+a+c-b+b+a-c}\)
\(A+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)