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`0<=y,z<=1`
`=>1-y,1-z>=0`
`=>(1-y)(1-z)>=0`
`=>1-y-z+yz>=0`
`=>yz>=y+z-1`
`=>2yz>=2x+2z-2`
`=>P=x^2+y^2+z^2`
`=>P=x^2+(y^2+2yz+z^2)-2yz`
`=>P=x^2+(y+z)^2-2yz`
`=>P<=x^2-2(y+z-1)+(3/2-x)^2`
`=>P<=(3/2-x)^2-2(1/2-x)+x^2`
`=>P<=9/4-3x+x^2-1+2x+x^2`
`=>P<=5/4+2x^2-x`
Giả sử:
`x<=y<=z`
`=>x+x+x<=x+y+z=3/2`
`=>3x<=3/2`
`=>x<=1/2`
`0<=x<=1/2=>2x^2-x<=0`
`=>P<=5/4`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `(x,y,z)=(0,1,1/2)` và các hoán vị
Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2+x^2+y^2+z^2\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}:3=\dfrac{9}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy: \(P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM cho các bộ bốn số không âm, ta được: \(LHS=\frac{2x^2+y^2+z^2}{4-yz}+\frac{2y^2+z^2+x^2}{4-zx}+\frac{2z^2+x^2+y^2}{4-xy}\)\(=\frac{x^2+x^2+y^2+z^2}{4-yz}+\frac{y^2+y^2+z^2+x^2}{4-zx}+\frac{z^2+z^2+x^2+y^2}{4-xy}\)\(\ge\frac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\frac{4y\sqrt{zx}}{4-zx}+\frac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\)
Như vậy, ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\frac{4y\sqrt{zx}}{4-zx}+\frac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\ge4xyz\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{yz\left(4-yz\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{zx}}{zx\left(4-zx\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{xy\left(4-xy\right)}\ge1\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\le3\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{xy};\sqrt{yz};\sqrt{zx}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}a,b,c>0\\a+b+c\le3\end{cases}}\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}+\frac{b}{b^2\left(4-b^2\right)}+\frac{c}{c^2\left(4-c^2\right)}\ge1\)
Xét BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x}{x^2\left(4-x^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{9}x+\frac{4}{9}\left(0< x\le1\right)\)(*)
Ta có: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x-9\right)}{9x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\ge0\)(Đúng với mọi \(x\in(0;1]\))
Áp dụng, ta được: \(\frac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}+\frac{b}{b^2\left(4-b^2\right)}+\frac{c}{c^2\left(4-c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{4}{9}.3\)
\(\ge-\frac{1}{9}.3+\frac{4}{3}=1\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
1. Chứng minh với mọi số thực a, b, c ta có 2a2+b2+c2\(\ge\)2a(b+c)
Chứng minh:
Ta có 2a2+b2+c2=(a2+b2)+(a2+c2)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có
(a2+b2)+(a2+c2)\(\ge\)2ab+2ac=2a(b+c)
ĐKXĐ : \(x,y>0\)
a/ \(A=\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{y-\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right):\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{xy}-x}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x+\sqrt{xy}+y-\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right):\left(\frac{x\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right).\sqrt{x}}-\frac{y\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}-\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}:\frac{x^2-x\sqrt{xy}-y\sqrt{xy}-y^2-x^2+y^2}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}:\frac{-\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}.\frac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\)
b/ Ta có ; \(4+2\sqrt{3}=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}+1-\sqrt{3}=1\)
+\(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
+\(3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{1+3}=\frac{1}{4}\)
+\(A=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=x.xy+y.yz+z.zx\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}}=3\)
(áp dụng \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\))
Tương tự: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{3^2}{3+2.3}=1\)
\(VT=A+B\ge1+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{4}=VP\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $xy=a; x+y=b$ thì ta có: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} b^2-2a=4\\ b^2\geq 4a\end{matrix}\right.\)
$A=\frac{xy}{x+y+2}=\frac{a}{b+2}=\frac{b^2-4}{2(b+2)}=\frac{b-2}{2}$
Từ $b^2\geq 4a$. Thay $4a=2(b^2-4)$ có:
$b^2\geq 2(b^2-4)$
$\Leftrightarrow b^2\leq 8\Rightarrow b\leq 2\sqrt{2}$
Do đó: $A=\frac{b-2}{2}\leq \frac{2\sqrt{2}-2}{2}=\sqrt{2}-1$
Vậy $A_{\max}=\sqrt{2}-1$