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xét \(x\ne0\)ta có :
\(M=\)\(^{x^2\cdot\left(x^2+6x+7-\frac{6}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}\)
Đặt \(x-\frac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=x^2-2+\frac{1}{x^2}\Leftrightarrow t^2+2=x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\)
Do đó \(M=x^2\cdot\left(t^2+2+6t+7\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2\cdot\left(t^2+6t+9\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=x^2\cdot\left(t+3\right)^2\)
M=\(x^4+3x^3-x^2+3x^3+9x^2-3x-x^2-3x+1\)
\(=x^2(x^2+3x-1)+3x\left(x^2+3x-1\right)-\left(x^2+3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x-1\right)^2\)
\(\left(x^2+4x+6\right)\left(x^2+6x+6\right)-3x^2\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+6=t\)Thay vào (1) ta được:
\(\left(t-x\right)\left(t+x\right)-3x^2\)
\(=t^2-x^2-3x^2\)
\(=t^2-4x^2\)
\(=\left(t-2x\right)\left(t+2x\right)\)Thay \(t=x^2+5x+6\)ta được:
\(\left(x^2+5x+6-2x\right)\left(x^2+5x+6+2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\left(x^2+x+6x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\left[x\left(x+1\right)+6\left(x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(x^4+6x^3+7x^2-6x+1\)
\(=x^4+6x^3+9x^2-2x^2-6x+1\)
\(=x^4+\left(6x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)\)
\(=x^4+2x^2\left(3x-1\right)+\left(3x-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2+2x^2\left(3x-1\right)+\left(3x-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-4y^2\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-3-2y\right)\left(x-3+2y\right)\)
= ( x^2 - 4y^2 ) + ( 9 - 6x)
= [ x^2 - (2y)^2 ] + 3( 3 - 2x )
= (x - 2y)(x + 2y)+ 3(3 - 2x)
Bài 1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+2=2x+y\left(1\right)\\2xy+y^2+3y=6\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow xy-y+2-2x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x=1\). Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(2y+y^2+3y=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+5y-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2+y-6y-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(y+1\right)-6\left(y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+1\right)\left(y-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(y=2\). Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(2x.2+2^2+3.2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x+4+6=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm (x,y) \(\in\left\{\left(1;-1\right),\left(1;6\right),\left(-1;2\right)\right\}\)
Bài 2:
\(f\left(x\right)=x^4+6x^3+11x^2+6x\)
\(=x\left(x^3+6x^2+11x+6\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3+x^2+5x^2+5x+6x+6\right)\)
\(=x\left[x^2\left(x+1\right)+5x\left(x+1\right)+6\left(x+1\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2x+6\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+3\right)+2\left(x+3\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)+1=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)+1\)
\(=x\left(x+3\right).\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x\right).\left(x^2+3x+2\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+3x\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+1\right)^2\)
Vì x là số nguyên nên \(f\left(x\right)+1\) là số chính phương.
\(=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-2=\left(x-3\right)^2-\sqrt{2^2}=\left(x-3-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x-3+\sqrt{2}\right)\)
Ta có: \(P\left(x\right)=x^4+6x^3+7x^2-6x+1\)
\(=x^4+\left(6x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)\)
\(=x^4+2x^2\left(3x-1\right)+\left(3x-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x-1\right)^2\)