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\(2CH_4^{\left[A\right]}\xrightarrow[1500^{\circ}C]{lln}C_2H_2^{\left[B\right]}+2H_2^{\left[C\right]}\)
\(C_2H_2^{\left[B\right]}+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\xrightarrow[]{}2NH_4NO_3^{\left[E\right]}+C_2Ag_2^{\left[D\right]}\downarrow\)
\(C_2Ag_2^{\left[D\right]}+2HCl^{\left[F\right]}\xrightarrow[]{}C_2H_2^{\left[B\right]}+2AgCl^{\left[G\right]}\downarrow\)
\(2C_2H_2^{\left[B\right]}\xrightarrow[t^\circ]{NH_4Cl,CuCl}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2^{\left[H\right]}\)
\(CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2^{\left[H\right]}+H_2^{\left[C\right]}\xrightarrow[t^\circ]{Pd\text{ / }PbCO_3}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2^{\left[I\right]}\)
\(nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\xrightarrow[t^{\circ},p]{xt}\left(-CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2\right)_n^{\left[-\left(I\right)_n-\right]}\)
Gọi tên:
(A): Metan
(B): Axetylen
(C): Hiđro
(D): Bạc axetylua
(E): Amoni nitrat
(F): Axit clohiđric
(G): Bạc clorua
(H): Vinylaxetylen
(I): Buta-1,3-đien
-(I)n-: Cao su buna
\(A:CH_4;B:C_2H_2;C:H_2\\ D:C_2Ag_2;E:NH_4NO_3\\ F:HCl;G:AgCl\\H:C_4H_4;I:C_4H_6\\ 2CH_4-^{1500^0C,làm.lạnh.nhanh}->C_2H_2+3H_2\\ C_2H_2+2AgNO_3+2NH_3->C_2Ag_2+2NH_4NO_3\\ C_2Ag_2+2HCl->2AgCl+C_2H_2\\ 2C_2H_2-^{CuCl_2,NH_4Cl,100^0C}->H_2C=CH-C\equiv CH\\ H_2C=CH-C\equiv CH+H_2-^{Pd.PbCO_3,t^0}->H_2C=CH-CH=CH_2\\ H_2C=CH-CH=CH_2-^{t^0,p,xt}->-\left(H_2C-CH=CH-CH_2\right)-_n\)
a) \(BaCl_2+LiOH\rightarrow\text{không phản ứng}\)
b) \(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[CaO]{t^\circ}Na_2CO_3+CH_4\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(CH_3COO^-+OH^-\xrightarrow[CaO]{t^\circ}CO_3^{2-}+CH_4\uparrow\)
c) \(CaCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(CaCO_3+2H^+\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
d) \(3Cu+8HCl+8NaNO_3\rightarrow3Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+8HCl+2NO\uparrow+4H_2O\)
Ion RG: \(3Cu+8H^++2NO_3^-\rightarrow3Cu^{2+}+2NO\uparrow+4H_2O\)
e) \(NH_4Cl+NaNO_2\xrightarrow[]{t^\circ}NaCl+N_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
Ion RG: \(NH_4^++NO_2^-\rightarrow N_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
f) \(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+Cl_2\uparrow+H_2\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(2Cl^-+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2OH^-+Cl_2\uparrow+H_2\uparrow\)
\(C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[H_2SO_4\left(\text{đ}\right)]{170^{\circ}C}C_2H_4^{\left[X_1\right]}+H_2O\)
\(3C_2H_4+2KMnO_4+4H_2O\xrightarrow[]{t^\circ}3C_2H_4\left(OH\right)_2^{\left[X_2\right]}+2KOH+2MnO_2\downarrow\)
\(C_2H_4\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[H_2SO_4\left(\text{đ}\right)]{170^\circ C}CH_3CHO^{\left[X_3\right]}+H_2O\)
\(2C_2H_4\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\xrightarrow[t^{\circ}]{Cu}2HOCH_2CHO^{\left[X_4\right]}+2H_2O\)
\(2HOCH_2CHO+O_2\xrightarrow[t^\circ]{Cu}2\left(CHO\right)_2^{\left[X_5\right]}+2H_2O\)
