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Chứng minh: \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\).
tách bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)gọi biều thức này là A
ta có \(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)nhân vế trái vs 20 vế phải 40
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{5}\left(1\right)\)
ta có \(A< 40.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 40.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< A< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< \text{}\text{}\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+..+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Đặt \(C=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{60}=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{40};....\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{41}>\frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{42}>\frac{1}{60};...\frac{1}{59}>\frac{1}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{60}.20=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{15}\)
Vậy \(C>\frac{11}{15}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{21}< \frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}< \frac{1}{20};...\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}+....+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{20}.20=1\)
\(\frac{1}{41}< \frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{42}< \frac{1}{40};...\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{2}+1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(C< \frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)
So so hang trong day la:
(50-21) : 1 + 1 = 30
Gia su = 1/50 het thi tong la:
30 x 1/50 = 3/5
Vi 1/50 la so nho nhat nen tong se lon hon 3/5
Gia su tat ca deu la 1/21
Tong la:
1/21 x 30 = 30/21 = 10/7
So sanh 10/7 va 3/2, ta thay 3/2 lon hon 10/7 la 1/14 don vi
Vi 1/21 la so lon nhat nen tong se be hon 3/2
ta có:A= 1/21 + 1/22 + ... + 1/50 > 1/50 +1/50 +...+1/50=1/50 x 30 = 3/5
=> A > 3/5
lại có: A = 1/21 + 1/22 + ... + 1/50 < 1/20 + 1/20 + ... +1/20= 1/20 x 30 = 3/2
=> A <3/2
cách này là cách nhanh nhất
S = \(\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{21}...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\) ( có 181 phân số )
=> S > \(\frac{1}{200}+\frac{1}{200}+...+\frac{1}{200}+\frac{1}{200}\)
=> S > \(\frac{1}{200}.181\)
=> S > \(\frac{181}{200}\)> \(\frac{180}{200}\)= \(\frac{9}{10}\)
Vậy S > 9 / 10
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{2.2}+\frac{1}{3.3}+...+\frac{1}{10.10}>\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{10.11}\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{10.11}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{11}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{11}=\frac{9}{22}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\)và\(\left(2\right)\)suy ra
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{10^2}>\frac{9}{22}\)
^^