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Đặt \(C=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{60}=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{40};....\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{41}>\frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{42}>\frac{1}{60};...\frac{1}{59}>\frac{1}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{60}.20=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{15}\)
Vậy \(C>\frac{11}{15}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{21}< \frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}< \frac{1}{20};...\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}+....+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{20}.20=1\)
\(\frac{1}{41}< \frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{42}< \frac{1}{40};...\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{2}+1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(C< \frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)
Chứng minh: \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\).
tách bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)gọi biều thức này là A
ta có \(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)nhân vế trái vs 20 vế phải 40
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{5}\left(1\right)\)
ta có \(A< 40.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 40.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< A< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< \text{}\text{}\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+..+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Bài 1 :
Ta có;\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}.10=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}.30>\frac{1}{30}.24=\frac{2}{5}\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{5}=\frac{11}{15}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}.20=1\)
\(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< 1+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1 ) và (2) ta suy ra điều phải chứng minh
Bài 2 :
Đặt \(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{63}\)
MỘT MẶT ,TA CÓ THỂ VIẾT
\(S=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+...+\frac{1}{32}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{33}+\frac{1}{34}+...+\frac{1}{63}+\frac{1}{64}\right)-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(>\frac{1}{2}.2+\frac{1}{4}.2+\frac{1}{8}.4+\frac{1}{16}.8+\frac{1}{32}.16+\frac{1}{64}.32-\frac{1}{64}\)\(=\frac{7}{2}-\frac{1}{64}=\frac{223}{64}>\frac{192}{64}=3\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác ,ta lại có\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{17}+...+\frac{1}{31}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{63}\right)< \)\(1+\frac{1}{2}.2+\frac{1}{4}.4+\frac{1}{8}.8+\frac{1}{16}.16+\frac{1}{32}.32=6\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2 ) ta kết luận \(3< S< 6\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ( -_- )
