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Ta có:
m hh phần 1 = m hh phần 2 = 38,6 ( g )
Phần 1
Gọi n HCL phản ứng = a ( mol )
=> n H2O = 0,5a ( mol )
BTKL: 38,6 + 36,5a = 78,2 + 9a
=> a = 1,44 ( mol ) => n O ( hh phần 1 ) = 0,72 ( mol )
=> m O ( hh phần 1 ) = 11,52 ( g ) => m KL ( hh phần 1 ) = 27,08 ( g )
Phần 2
Quy hh phần 2 về: RO
PTHH
RO + 2HCl ===> RCL2 + H2O ( 1 )
RO + H2SO4 ===> RSO4 + H2O ( 2)
Gọi n RO ( 1 ) = x ( mol ) ; n RO ( 2 ) = y ( mol )
CÓ: m gốc CL + m gốc SO4 = 88,7 - 27,08 = 61,62 ( g )
Ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,72\\2x\times35,5+96y=61,62\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,42\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có: y = 0,42 ( mol ) = > n H2SO4 = 0,42 ( mol )
a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
nH2 = 0,15mol => nAl=0,1mol => mAl=2,7g; mAl2O3 = 10,2g => nAl2O3 = 0,1mol
=>%mAl=20,93% =>%mAl2O3 = 79,07%
b) nHCl = 0,1.3+0,1.6=0,9 mol=>mHCl(dd)=100g
mddY=12,9+100-0,15.2=112,6g
mAlCl3=22,5g=>C%=19,98%
Quy đổi X thành \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeO:a\left(mol\right)\\Fe_2O_3:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe^{2+}}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe^{3+}}=2b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) => a = b
Phần 1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl_2:0,5a\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_3:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 127.0,5a + 162,5b = m1
=> m1 = 226a (g)
Phần 2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl_2:0,5a\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_3:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2FeCl2 + 3Cl2 --> 2FeCl3
0,5a------------->0,5a
=> 162,5(0,5a + b) = m2
=> m2 = 243,75a (g)
Mà m2 - m1 = 0,71
=> 243,75a - 226a = 0,71
=> a = 0,04 (mol)
Y chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl_2:0,04\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_3:0,08\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn Cl: nHCl = 0,32 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,32}{2}=0,16\left(l\right)\)
1)
a)
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
Suy ra:
$n_{CaO} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{CaO} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,2.100}.100\% = 21,875\%$
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = 78,125\%$
b)
$m_{dd} = 0,1.56 + 0,2.100 + 50 - 0,2.44 = 66,8(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\% = 49,85\%$
Câu 4 :
a)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{MgO} = b(mol)$
Suy ra: $56a + 40b = 19,2(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,4.2 = 0,8(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{19,2}.100\% = 58,33\%$
$\%m_{MgO} = 100\% -58,33\% = 41,67\%$
b)
$n_{FeCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{MgCl_2} = b = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{muối} = 0,2.127 + 0,2.95 = 44,4(gam)$
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,2_____0,4_____0,2____0,2_____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1_____0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+20}\cdot100\%=21,875\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=78,125\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=66,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}\cdot100\%\approx49,85\%\)
nCO2=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) mol
nCaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\)
CaCO2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,2
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
0,1 ← 0,1
a) % CaO=\(\dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56+0,2.100}.100\%=21,875\%\)
% CaCO3 =100% - 21,875%= 78,125%
b) a = mCaO+mCaCO3 =0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6g
mdd sau pư= a + mddHCl - mCO2
= 25,6 + 50 - 0,2.44=66,8g
C%CaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\%\simeq49,85\%\)
\(Đặt:n_{MnO_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KMnO_4}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=87a+158b=37.96\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+2.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.4,b=0.02\)
\(\%MnO_2=\dfrac{0.4\cdot87}{37.96}\cdot100\%=91.68\%\\\%KMnO_4=100-91.68=8.32\% \)
\(m_M=m_{KCl}+m_{MnCl_2}=0.02\cdot74.5+\left(0.4+0.02\right)\cdot126=54.41g\)
