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Lời giải:
Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$
$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)
Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$
Lời giải:
Do $b\leq c; a^2\geq 0$ nên $a^2(b-c)\leq 0$
$\Rightarrow Q\leq b^2(c-b)+c^2(1-c)$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(b^2(c-b)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}(c-b)\leq 4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\leq c^2-\frac{23}{27}c^3=c^2(1-\frac{23}{27}c)=(\frac{54}{23})^2.\frac{23}{54}c.\frac{23}{54}c(1-\frac{23}{27}c)\leq (\frac{54}{23})^2\left(\frac{\frac{23}{54}c+\frac{23}{54}c+1-\frac{23}{27}c}{3}\right)^3=\frac{108}{529}\)
Vậy $Q_{max}=\frac{108}{529}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b,c)=(0,\frac{12}{23}, \frac{18}{23})$
Vì: a + 1 1 + b 2 = a + 1 − b 2 ( a + 1 ) 1 + b 2 ; 1 + b 2 ≥ 2 b n ê n a + 1 1 + b 2 ≥ a + 1 − b 2 ( a + 1 ) 2 b = a + 1 − a b + b 2
Tương tự: b + 1 1 + c 2 ≥ b + 1 − b c + c 2 ; c + 1 1 + a 2 ≥ c + 1 − c a + a 2 ⇒ M ≥ a + b + c + 3 − ( a + b + c ) + ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 = 3 + 3 − ( a b + b c + c a ) 2
Chứng minh được: 3 ( a b + b c + c a ) ≤ ( a + b + c ) 2 = 9 a c ⇒ 3 − ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ M ≥ 3
Dấu “=” xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1. Giá trị nhỏ nhất của M bằng 3.
\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)
\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2 a b , b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 b c , c 2 + a 2 ≥ 2 c a
Do đó: 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2.9 = 18 ⇒ 2 P ≥ 18 ⇒ P ≥ 9
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a = b = c = 3 . Vậy MinP= 9 khi a = b = c = 3
Vì a , b , c ≥ 1 , nên ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔ a b − a − b + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ a b + 1 ≥ a + b
Tương tự ta có b c + 1 ≥ b + c , c a + 1 ≥ c + a
Do đó a b + b c + c a + 3 ≥ 2 ( a + b + c ) ⇔ a + b + c ≤ 9 + 3 2 = 6
Mà P = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 a b + b c + c a = a + b + c 2 – 18
⇒ P ≤ 36 − 18 = 18 . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
Vậy maxP= 18 khi : a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1
\(A=\sqrt{2b\left(a+1\right)}+\sqrt{2c\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{2a\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4b\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4c\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.2\sqrt{4a\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4b+a+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4c+b+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(4a+c+1\right)\)
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[5\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM:
$M=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})$
$\geq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2.\frac{4}{b^2+c^2}$
$=(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2})+\frac{3a^2}{b^2+c^2}$
$\geq \sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+\frac{3(b^2+c^2)}{b^2+c^2}$
$=2+3=5$
Vậy $M_{\min}=5$
Do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\le0\\b^{2011}\le b\\c^{2011}\le c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow T\le a+b+c-ab-bc-ca=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)+1-abc\le1-abc\le1\)
\(T_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(P=\left(1+2a\right)\left(1+2bc\right)\le\left(1+2a\right)\left(1+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(1+2a\right)\left(2-a^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{3}a\right)\left(2-a^2\right)\le\frac{3}{8}\left(\frac{8}{3}+\frac{4}{3}a-a^2\right)^2=\frac{3}{8}\left[\frac{28}{9}-\left(a-\frac{2}{3}\right)^2\right]^2\)
\(\le\frac{3}{8}.\left(\frac{28}{9}\right)^2=\frac{98}{27}\)
Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{3}a=2-a^2,a-\frac{2}{3}=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{2}{3}\\b=c=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}}{3}\end{cases}}\).
Vậy \(maxP=\frac{98}{27}\).
Ta co : \(P=2a+2bc+2abc+1\)
Ap dung bdt Co-si : \(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc+2=2abc+3\)
Tiep tuc ap dung Co-si : \(1=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}< =>\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
\(< =>a^2b^2c^2\le\frac{1}{27}< =>abc\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\)
Khi do : \(2abc+3\le2.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}+3=\frac{2}{\sqrt{27}}+3\)
Suy ra \(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2abc+2\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{27}}+3\)
Dau "=" xay ra khi va chi khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vay Max P = \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{27}}+3\)khi a = b = c = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
p/s : khong biet dau = co dung k nua , minh lam bay do