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\(2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.4=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56.n_{Fe}+27.n_{Al}=22\\ 2.n_{Fe}+3.n_{Al}=0,8 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{Fe}=0,39(mol)\\ n_{Al}=0,007(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,39.56}{22}.100\%=99,27\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100\%-99,27\%=0,73\% \end{cases}\)
- Cho hh pư với HCl
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ a + b + c = 0,4 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{MgO}+8n_{Fe_3O_4}=3a+2b+8c=1,5\left(2\right)\)
- Cho hh pư với NaOH:
PT: \(2Al+2H_2O+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,25.27}{0,25.27+78}.100\%=\dfrac{900}{113}\%\)
%mAl không đổi trong hh.
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{27a}{27a+40b+232c}.100=\dfrac{900}{113}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{900}{113}\%\approx7,96\%\\\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{0,1.27+0,2.40+0,1.232}.100\%\approx23,6\%\\\%m_{Fe_3O_4}\approx68,44\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{KOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{14,5}{58}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2NaOH + MgSO4 ---> Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4
a -----------------------------> 0,5a
2KOH + MgSO4 ---> Mg(OH)2 + K2SO4
b -------------------------------> 0,5b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+56b=24,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\\m_{KOH}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{24,8}=32,26\%\\\%m_{KOH}=100\%-32,26\%=67,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
2NaOH+MgSO4->Mg(OH)2+Na2SO4
x-----------------------------1\2x
2KOH+MgSO4->K2SO4+Mg(OH)2
y--------------------------------------1\2y
=> ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40x+56y=24,8\\0,5x+0,5y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
%mNaOH=\(\dfrac{0,2.40}{24,8}100\)=32,25%
=>%m KOH=67,75%
Lớp 8 rồi ghi đề cho đúng đứng đắn vào:v
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,2<--- 0,2 ----> 0,2 -------> 0,2
\(\%_{m_{Fe}}=\dfrac{56.0,2.100\%}{15,8}=70,89\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-70,89\%=29,11\%\)
b
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c
\(FeSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 ------------------------> 0,2
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.90=18\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{15,8}.100\%\approx70,89\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-70,89\%\approx29,11\%\)
\(b,V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(c,FeSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.90=18\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Pt : \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
a 1a
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
b 1b
Gọi a là số mol của NaOH
b là số mol của KOH
\(m_{NaOH}+m_{KOH}=6,08\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{NaOH}.M_{NaOH}+n_{KOH}.M_{KOH}=6,08g\)
⇒ 40a + 56b = 6,08g (1)
Ta có : 600ml = 0,6l
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,6=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ 1a + 1b = 0,12(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
40a + 56b = 6,08g
1a + 1b = 0,12
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,08\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,04.40=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=0,08.56=4,48\left(g\right)\)
0/0NaOH = \(\dfrac{1,6.100}{6,08}=26,32\)0/0
0/0KOH = \(\dfrac{4,48.100}{6,08}=73,68\)0/0
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