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\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)
\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)
Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)
Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)
Xét thương:
\(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)
$2Al + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \to 2NaAlO_2 + 3H_2$
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2}{3}.0,15 = 0,1(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} + n_{Mg} = 0,35(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg} = 0,35 - 0,15 = 0,2(mol)$
Vậy số mol Mg và Al là 0,2 và 0,1
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
a..............................a(mol)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
b............................b(mol)
=>nCu=3,2/64=0,05mol
=>%mCu=(3,2.100%)/11,2=28,6%
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=11,2-3,2\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>mMg=24.0,1=2,4g=>%Mg=(2,4.100%)/11,2=21,4%
=>%Fe=100%-21,4%-28,6%=50%
b, MgCl2+2NaOH->Mg(OH)2+2NaCL
FeCl2+2NaOH->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
=>m(kết tủa)=mMg(OH)2+mFe(OH)2
=0,1(58+90)=14,8g
a) mCu= m(k tan)= 3,2(g)
=> m(Mg, Fe)= 11,2- 3,2=8(g)
nH2= 4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a______________2a__a______a(mol)
Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
b____2b_____b_____b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> %mMg= (2,4/11,2).100=21,429%
%mFe= (5,6/11,2).100=50%
=>%mCu= (3,2/11,2).100=28,571%
b/ MgCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
0,1___________________0,1(mol)
FeCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Fe(OH)2 +2 NaCl
0,1__________________0,1(mol)
m(kt)=mMg(OH)2 + mFe(OH)2= 58.0,1+ 90.0,1= 14,8(g)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al, Fe, Mg lần lượt là a;b;c;d
Ta có: $d=a+b+c;65a+27b+56c+24d=3,6$
Bảo toàn e ta có: $2a+3b+2c+2d=0,22$
Bảo toàn Zn, Al, Fe, Mg ta có: $136a+133,5b+162,5c+95d=11,765$
Giải hệ 4 ẩn ta được $a=b=0,02;c=0,01;d=0,05$