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a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(mol\right)\) \(\rightarrow27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1/2 x 3/2 x ( mol )
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
y y y ( mol )
\(\rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\left(mol\right)\) (2)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100\%=38,38\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,38\%=61,62\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\\n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,075}{0,8}=0,09M\\C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,8}=0,125M\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:a=n_{Mg}\left(mol\right);b=n_{Zn}\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+65b=18,5\\a+b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,5.24=12\left(g\right);m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ b,\%,m_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{18,5}.100\approx64,865\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}\approx35,135\%\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,245}=\dfrac{120}{49}\left(M\right)\\ d,m_{MgSO_4}=120a=120.0,5=60\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=161b=161.0,1=16,1\left(g\right)\)
e) Câu e cho thêm cái D nữa nha em!
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
0,14<--0,14<------------0,14
=> mFe = 0,14.56 = 7,84 (g)
\(C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,14}{0,2}=0,7M\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,14<-0,14<-------------------0,14
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=0,14.56=7,84\left(g\right)\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,14}{0,2}=0,7M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow24x+65y=11,3\left(1\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2mol\\y=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot24}{11,3}\cdot100\%=42,48\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-42,48\%=57,52\%\)
b)\(n_{HCl}=2\left(n_{Mg}+n_{Zn}\right)=2\cdot\left(0,2+0,1\right)=0,6mol\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ag}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow Ag_2SO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
a a \(\dfrac{a}{2}\) \(\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(2FeO+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2\uparrow+4H_2O\)
b 2b \(\dfrac{b}{2}\) \(\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}108a+72b=11,52\\\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,08\left(mol\right)\\b=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ag}=0,08.108=8,64\left(g\right)\\m_{FeO}=0,04.72=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,64}{11,52}=75\%\\\%m_{FeO}=100\%-75\%=25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,08+0,4.2=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,8}=0,2M\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=1,25.0,5=0,625\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(6NaOH+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\)
LTL: \(\dfrac{0,625}{6}>\dfrac{0,04}{2}\) => NaOH dư
Theo pthh:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=6n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=6.0,04=0,24\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=3.0,04=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MddNaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48M\\C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1: Sửa đề: 1,53g hỗn hợp 2 kim loại
Khí sinh ra: H2
Gọi nAl = x, nMg = y
=> 27x + 24y = 1,53 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.\(\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,15mol\)(2)
Từ (1) + (2) => x = 0,03, y = 0,03
%mAl = \(\dfrac{0,03.27}{1,53}.100\%=52,94\%\)
%mMg = 47,06%
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
a-------------------------------->a
Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
b------------------------------->b
=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=22,8\\a+b=0,55\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,25\left(mol\right)\\b=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,25.24=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{6+16,8}.100\%=26,31\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-26,31\%=73,69\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
