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`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 6H_2 O + 3SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`2Ag + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Ag_2 SO_4 + 2H_2 O + SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,1` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[5,6]/[22,4]=0,25(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Ag]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} 56x+108y=27,2\\ \dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,1\\ y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.$
`a)%m_[Fe]=[0,1.56]/[27,2] .100~~20,59%`
`=>%m_[Ag]~~100-20,59~~79,41%`
`b)n_[SO_2]=0,15+0,1=0,25(mol)`
`n_[NaOH]=0,5.0,8=0,4(mol)`
Ta có:`T=[0,4]/[0,25]=1,6 ->` Tạo muối `Na_2 SO_3` và `NaHSO_3`
`SO_2 + 2NaOH -> Na_2 SO_3 + H_2 O`
`SO_2 + NaOH -> NaHSO_3`
Gọi `n_[Na_2 SO_3]=x ; n_[NaHSO_3]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0,25\\ 2x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,15\\ y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.$
`=>C_[M_[Na_2 SO_3]]=[0,15]/[0,5]=0,3(M)`
`=>C_[M_[NaHSO_3]]=[0,1]/[0,5]=0,2(M)`
Lần sau chú ý dùng dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) ha, dấu \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là xảy ra một trong các trường hợp còn dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là đồng thời xảy ra
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ag}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow Ag_2SO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
a a \(\dfrac{a}{2}\) \(\dfrac{a}{2}\)
\(2FeO+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2\uparrow+4H_2O\)
b 2b \(\dfrac{b}{2}\) \(\dfrac{b}{2}\)
Hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}108a+72b=11,52\\\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,08\left(mol\right)\\b=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ag}=0,08.108=8,64\left(g\right)\\m_{FeO}=0,04.72=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,64}{11,52}=75\%\\\%m_{FeO}=100\%-75\%=25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,08+0,4.2=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,16}{0,8}=0,2M\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=1,25.0,5=0,625\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(6NaOH+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3Na_2SO_4\)
LTL: \(\dfrac{0,625}{6}>\dfrac{0,04}{2}\) => NaOH dư
Theo pthh:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=6n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=6.0,04=0,24\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=3.0,04=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MddNaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48M\\C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24M\end{matrix}\right.\)