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a) 5x2 + 2x = 4 – x ⇔ 5x2 + 3x – 4 = 0; a = 5, b = 3, c = -4
b) x2 + 2x – 7 = 3x +
⇔
x2 – x -
= 0, a =
, b = -1, c = -
c) 2x2 + x - √3 = √3 . x + 1 ⇔ 2x2 + (1 - √3)x – 1 - √3 = 0
Với a = 2, b = 1 - √3, c = -1 - √3
d) 2x2 + m2 = 2(m – 1)x ⇔ 2x2 - 2(m – 1)x + m2 = 0; a = 2, b = - 2(m – 1), c = m2
a ) 5 x 2 + 2 x = 4 − x ⇔ 5 x 2 + 2 x + x − 4 = 0 ⇔ 5 x 2 + 3 x − 4 = 0
Phương trình bậc hai trên có a = 5; b = 3; c = -4.
b)
3 5 x 2 + 2 x − 7 = 3 x + 1 2 ⇔ 3 5 x 2 + 2 x − 3 x − 7 − 1 2 = 0 ⇔ 3 5 x 2 − x − 15 2 = 0
c)
2 x 2 + x − 3 = x ⋅ 3 + 1 ⇔ 2 x 2 + x − x ⋅ 3 − 3 − 1 = 0 ⇔ 2 x 2 + x ⋅ ( 1 − 3 ) − ( 3 + 1 ) = 0
Phương trình bậc hai trên có a = 2; b = 1 - √3; c = - (√3 + 1).
d)
2 x 2 + m 2 = 2 ( m − 1 ) ⋅ x ⇔ 2 x 2 − 2 ( m − 1 ) ⋅ x + m 2 = 0
Phương trình bậc hai trên có a = 2; b = -2(m – 1); c = m 2
Kiến thức áp dụng
Phương trình bậc hai một ẩn là phương trình có dạng: ax2 + bx + c = 0
trong đó x được gọi là ẩn; a, b, c là các hệ số và a ≠ 0.
Giải
a) Ta có : 2.x2 -2.x = 5.x
<=> 2.x2 -3.x-5=0 : a = 2 ; b = 3 ; c = -5
b) Ta có : x2 +2.x = m. x + m
<=> x2 + ( 2-m ) .x - m = 0 : a = 1 ; b=2-m ; c=-m
c) Ta có : 2.x2 \(+\sqrt{2}.\left(3.x-1\right)=1+\sqrt{2}\)
<=> 2.x2 + 3.\(\sqrt{2}.x-2.\sqrt{2}-1=0\): a = 2 ; b= 3\(\sqrt{2};c=-2\sqrt{2}-1\)
a) \(2x^2-2x=5+x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-5=0\)với \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=-3\\c=-5\end{cases}}\)
b) \(x^2+2x=mx+m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(2-m\right)x-m=0\)với \(\hept{\begin{cases}z=1\\b=3-m\\c=-m\end{cases}}\)
c) \(2x^2+\sqrt{2}\left(3x-1\right)=1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+3\sqrt{2}\cdot x-2\sqrt{2}-1=0\)
với \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=3\sqrt{2}\\c=-2\sqrt{2}-1\end{cases}}\)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-3x+7=0\)
a=4; b=-3; c=7
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5}x^2-x^2+5x-3-3x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)+2x+1=0\)
\(a=\sqrt{5}-1;b=2;c=1\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow mx^2-x^2-3x+mx+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(m-1\right)+x\left(m-3\right)+5=0\)
a=m-1; b=m-3; c=5
d: \(\Leftrightarrow m^2x^2-x^2+x+m-mx-m-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(m^2-1\right)+x\left(1-m\right)-2=0\)
\(a=m^2-1;b=1-m;c=-2\)
a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{4x+20}-3\sqrt{x+5}+\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{9x+45}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x+5}-3\sqrt{x+5}+4\sqrt{x+5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x+5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+5=4\)
hay x=-1
b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{9x-9}+24\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{64}}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{x-1}-\dfrac{9}{2}\sqrt{x-1}+3\sqrt{x-1}=-17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=289\)
hay x=290
\(a,ĐK:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge5\\x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
\(b,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=2-5x\\ \Leftrightarrow0x=2\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
\(c,ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+5-2\sqrt{2x+3}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+3-2\sqrt{2x+3}+1\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=1\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tm\right)\\ d,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2x-1\\x-1=1-2x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(đk:x\ge2\)
Xét x=2 thay vào pt thấy không thỏa mãn => x>2 hay 27x-54>0
\(x^3-11x+36x-18=4\sqrt[4]{27x-54}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27x^3-297x^2+972x-486=4\sqrt[4]{\left(27x-54\right).81.81.81}\le189+27x\) (cosi với 4 số dương, dấu = xảy ra khi x=5)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-11x^2+35x-25\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\) (*)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2\\\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1>0\\\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-5\right)^2\ge0\) (2*)
Từ (*) và (2*) ,dấu = xra khi x=5 (thỏa mãn)
Vây pt có nghiệm duy nhất x=5
c,Có \(6\sqrt[3]{4x^3+x}=16x^4+5>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^3+x>0\)
Có: \(16x^4+5=6\sqrt[3]{4x^3+x}\le2\left(4x^3+x+2\right)\) (theo cosi với 3 số dương,dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^4-8x^3-2x+1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)\le0\) (*)
(tương tự câu b) Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)(thỏa mãn)
Vậy....
d) Đk: \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi:
\(\sqrt{2x-1}\le\dfrac{2x-1+1}{2}=x\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}\) (*)
\(\sqrt[4]{4x-3}\le\dfrac{4x-3+1+1+1}{4}=x\)
\(\dfrac{\Rightarrow1}{\sqrt[4]{4x-3}}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}\) (2*)
Từ (*) và (2*) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[4]{4x-3}}\ge\dfrac{2}{x}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1 (tm)
a) \(3x-2\sqrt{x-1}=4\) (ĐK: x ≥ 1)
\(\Rightarrow3x-2\sqrt{x-1}-4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x-6-2\sqrt{x-1}+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-2\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-2\right)-2.\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[3-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\right]=0\)
*TH1: x = 2 (t/m)
*TH2: \(3-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}+3=2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=-1\) (vô lí)
Vậy S = {2}
b) \(\sqrt{4x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{3-x}\) (ĐK: \(-\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le3\) )
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{4x+1}-3-\sqrt{x+2}+2-\sqrt{3-x}+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x-8}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}-\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{3-x}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3-x}+1}\right)=0\)
=> x = 2
\(a,3x-2\sqrt{x-1}=4\left(x\ge1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=4-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x-1\right)=16-24x+9x^2\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-28x+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(9x-10\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{10}{9}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\sqrt{4x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{3-x}\left(-\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow4x+1+x+2-2\sqrt{\left(4x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=3-x\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(4x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=2-6x\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=3x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2+9x+2=9x^2-6x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2-15x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\Delta=225+20=245\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{15-\sqrt{245}}{10}=\dfrac{15-7\sqrt{5}}{10}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\dfrac{15+\sqrt{245}}{10}=\dfrac{15+7\sqrt{5}}{10}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{15+7\sqrt{5}}{10}\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(3x^2-5x+1=2x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^2-5x+1-2x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^2-7x+4=0\) (\(a=3; b=-7; c=4)\)
b)
\(\frac{3}{5}x^2-4x-3=3x+\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{3}{5}x^2-4x-3-3x-\frac{1}{3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{3}{5}x^2-7x-\frac{10}{3}=0(a=\frac{3}{5};b=-7; c=\frac{-10}{3})\)
c)
\(\Leftrightarrow -\sqrt{3}x^2+x-5-\sqrt{3}x-\sqrt{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow -\sqrt{3}x^2+(1-\sqrt{3})x-(5+\sqrt{2})=0\)
(\(a=-\sqrt{3}; b=1-\sqrt{3}; c=-(5+\sqrt{2}))\)
d)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5(m+1)x+m^2-2=0\)
(\(a=1;b=-5(m+1); c=m^2-2)\)