Chứng minh rằng nếu 3 số a,b,c lập thành 1 cấp số cộng thì:
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-6\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
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Do a;b;c;d là 1 cấp số nhân \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad=bc\\ac=b^2\\bd=c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(d-b\right)^2\)
\(=b^2+c^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ca+d^2+b^2-2bd\)
\(=ac+bd-2ad+bd+a^2-2ca+d^2+ac-2bd\)
\(=a^2-2ab+d^2=\left(a-d\right)^2\)
3: Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{u_n}-1\).
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{u_{100}}=\dfrac{1}{u_{99}}-1=\dfrac{1}{u_{98}}-2=...=\dfrac{1}{u_1}-99=\dfrac{1}{-2}-99=\dfrac{-199}{2}\Rightarrow u_{100}=\dfrac{-2}{199}\).
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}+\dfrac{b+2}{36}+\dfrac{c+3}{48}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}{1728\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+3\right)}+\dfrac{c+2}{36}+\dfrac{a+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{b}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+3\right)}+\dfrac{a+2}{36}+\dfrac{b+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{c}{4}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{144}+\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{29}{144}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{29}{144}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{17}{48}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a. \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\) (đpcm)
b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2;\left(b-1\right)^2;\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)^2=\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-1=b-1=c-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
c. \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Tương tự câu b ta có a = b = c
a) Gọi q là công sai của cấp số nhân. Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2\).
\(a^2b^2c^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a.q\right)^2\left(a.q^2\right)^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq^2\right)^2}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq\right)^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2q^2a^2q^4}{a}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^4}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=a^3q^6+a^3q^3+a^3\)
\(=\left(a^2q\right)^3+\left(aq\right)^3+a^3\)
\(=c^3+b^3+a^3=a^3+b^3+c^3\).
b) Gọi q là công bội của của cấp số nhân.
Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2;d=aq^3\).
\(\left(ab+bc+cd\right)^2=\left(a.aq+aq.aq^2+aq^2.aq^3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2q+a^2q^3+a^2q^5\right)^2=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+a^2q^2+a^2q^4\right)\left(a^2q^2+a^2q^4+a^2q^6\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)a^2q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)\)
\(=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (2)
So sánh (1) và (2) ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Lời giải:
Nếu $a,b,c$ lập thành csc thì $b=a+m, c=a+2m$ với $m$ là công sai.
Khi đó:
$3(a^2+b^2+c^2)-6(a-b)^2=3[a^2+(a+m)^2+(a+2m)^2]-6(a-a-m)^2$
$=3(a^2+a^2+m^2+2am+a^2+4m^2+4am)-6m^2$
$=3(3a^2+5m^2+6am)=9a^2+15m^2+18am-6m^2$
$=9a^2+9m^2+18am$
$=9(a^2+m^2+2am)=9(a+m)^2=(3a+3m)^2$
$=(a+a+m+a+2m)^2=(a+b+c)^2$ (đpcm).