CMR:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\sqrt{n}\)
(Với n\(\in\)N và n>1).
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a, Chắc xét hàm số tổng quát!
Xét hàm số tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{k}\left[\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{k}}^2-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{k+1}}^2\right]\)
\(=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}< 1\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}< 2\)
Do đó \(\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)< 2.\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\) (1)
Áp dụng điểu (1) ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
...................................
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(n>0\) ta luôn có: \(\sqrt{n+1}>0\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\) (đpcm)
ta thấy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>...>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)nên \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)>\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)=\(\frac{n}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)
với mọi k thuộc N ta luôn có
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k-1}}\)=\(\frac{2\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}\right)}{k-k+1}=2\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}\right)\)
áp dụng tính chất này ta có
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)<2(\(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\)+...+\(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\))=\(2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{0}\right)=2\sqrt{n}\)
Ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\\\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\end{cases}}\forall n\in N\)
Suy ra : \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Đặt \(M=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2499}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2500}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}M=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2500}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2499}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2}M< \sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{2499}+\sqrt{2499}-\sqrt{2498}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}M< \sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{1}+\frac{1}{2}=50-\frac{1}{2}< 50\)
\(\Rightarrow M< 100\)
Đặt A =\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+.....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
=> A > \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+.....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
=> A > \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}.n\)
=> A > \(\sqrt{n}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+.....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\sqrt{n}\)(Đpcm)