Cho a,b,c dương và a+b+c=3
CMR: \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
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\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
+) cm: \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}=1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\frac{a^2}{2a}=1-\frac{a}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\frac{b}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\frac{c}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\ge3-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
vì \(a+b+c=1\)
\(< =>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(=3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
ta có pt:
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}\)
áp dụng bđt cô- si( cauchy) gọi pt là P
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(P\ge1+1+1+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
<=>ĐPCM
Làm tạm một câu rồi đi chơi, lát làm cho.
4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Thay \(1=a+b+c\) vào vế phải của BĐT
=> BĐT cần CM trở thành:
<=> \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge\frac{2a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{2b+c+a}{c+a}+\frac{2c+a+b}{a+b}\)
<=> \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge\frac{2a}{b+c}+\frac{2b}{c+a}+\frac{2c}{a+b}+3\)
<=> \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c}-\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a}-\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\ge3\)
<=> \(\frac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2b^2}{abc\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b^2c^2}{abc\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c^2a^2}{abc\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (1)
Có: \(VT\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
(TA ĐÃ ÁP DỤNG BĐT CAUCHY - SCHWARZ)
TỪ (1) VÀ (2) => TA CÓ ĐPCM
Vì a+b+c=1 nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
Do đó
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2+b^2}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng
b/ \(\frac{a}{a+b^2}=\frac{a}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2}=\frac{a}{a^2+b^2+a\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{a}{2ab+a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{b+b+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b^2}=\frac{1}{b+b+b+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{3}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{b+c^2}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{3}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\) ; \(\frac{c}{c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có
\(abc\le\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^3b^3c^3}}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Ta chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\le\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le3=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Dòng thứ 3 của Linh bị ngược dấu rồi.
Chứng minh các khác:
Có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}=3\) (@)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\)(1)
Ta chứng minh: \(\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)(2)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)đúng theo (@)
=> (2) đúng
Từ (1) ; (2) => \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1.