Cho a+b=x+y và a^2+b^2=x^2+y^2. Tính K= a^2020+b^2020-x^2020-y^2020+2020
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\(1,\Rightarrow2^b\left(2^{a-b}-1\right)=256=2^8\left(a>b\right)\)
Do \(2^b\) chẵn, \(2^{a-b}-1\) lẻ, \(2^8\) chẵn nên \(2^{a-b}-1=1\Leftrightarrow2^{a-b}=2\Leftrightarrow a-b=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^b\cdot1=2^8\Leftrightarrow b=8\Leftrightarrow a=9\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(8;9\right)\)
Bài 1.
Ta có:\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\right)=x^2+2020-x^2=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}=\sqrt{x^2+2020}-x\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+2020}-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\) (1)
Ta có:\(\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\right)=y^2+2020-y^2=2020\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-y\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\) (2)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) và (2) ta có:
\(2\left(x+y\right)=\sqrt{y^2+2020}-\sqrt{x^2+2020}+\sqrt{x^2+2020}-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=0\Rightarrow x+y=0\)
Bài 2:
Ta có: (2a+1)(2b+1)=9
nên \(2b+1=\dfrac{9}{2a+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2b=\dfrac{9}{2a+1}-\dfrac{2a+1}{2a+1}=\dfrac{8-2a}{2a+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=\dfrac{8-2a}{4a+2}=\dfrac{4-a}{2a+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+2=\dfrac{4-a+4a+2}{2a+1}=\dfrac{3a+6}{2a+1}\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{2a+1}{3a+6}\)
\(=\dfrac{3+2a+1}{3a+6}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+4}{3a+6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(bx^2=ay^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a}=\dfrac{y^2}{b}\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a}\right)^{1010}=\left(\dfrac{y^2}{b}\right)^{1010}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^{2020}}{a^{1010}}=\dfrac{y^{2020}}{a^{1010}}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x^{2020}}{a^{1010}}=\dfrac{y^{2020}}{b^{1010}}=\dfrac{x^{2020}+y^{2020}}{a^{1010}+b^{1010}}\left(3\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}=\dfrac{y^2}{b}=k\Leftrightarrow x^2=ak;y^2=bk\)
\(x^2+y^2=1\Leftrightarrow ak+bk=1\Leftrightarrow k\left(a+b\right)=1\Leftrightarrow a+b=\dfrac{1}{k}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^{1010}}=\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{1}{k}\right)^{1010}}=2:\dfrac{1}{k^{1010}}=k^{1010}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{x^{2020}}{a^{1010}}=\dfrac{\left(x^2\right)^{1010}}{a^{1010}}=\dfrac{a^{1010}k^{1010}}{a^{1010}}=k^{1010}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\) ta được đpcm
\(x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}\right)=\sqrt{6}\)
\(y=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{6}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x-y=1\Rightarrow P=1\)
\(B=x-2020-\sqrt{x-2020}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{8079}{4}\)
\(B=\left(\sqrt{x-2020}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{8079}{4}\ge\dfrac{8079}{4}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{8079}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{8081}{4}\)
`(x+sqrt{x^2+2020})(sqrt{x^2+2020}-x)=x^2+2020-x^2=2020`
`=>y+sqrt{y^2+2020}=sqrt{x^2+2020}-x`
`<=>x+y=sqrt{x^2+2020}-sqrt{y^2+2020}`
Tương tự:`x+y=sqrt{y^2+2020}-sqrt{x^2+2020}`
Cộng từng vế
`=>2(x+y)=0`
`<=>S=0+2020=2020`
Gt\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=2020\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x^2-2020\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=2020\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-y-\sqrt{y^2+2020}=x-\sqrt{x^2+2020}\) (1)
Gt\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\left(y-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)=2020\left(y-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2-y^2-2020\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)=2020\left(y-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x-\sqrt{x^2+2020}=y-\sqrt{y^2+2020}\) (2)
Từ (1) (2) cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow-\left(x+y\right)-\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)=x+y-\left(\sqrt{y^2+2020}+\sqrt{x^2+2020}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=0\)
\(S=x+y+2020=2020\)
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