3. Cho một lượng Kali tác dụng hoàn toàn với nước. Dung dịch thu đc tác dụng hết với dd HCl 0,5M thì thu đc 14,9g muối khan
a) Tính khối lượng K ban đầu
b) Tính thể tích H2 thu đc ( đktc)
c) Tính thể tích dd HCl cần dùng
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a+b+c) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1\cdot136=13,6\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,1\cdot64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
\(m_{Fe}=0.1\times56=5.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.1\times127=12.7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=39.4-12.7=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\frac{26.7}{162.5}=0.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
0.08 0.16
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.08\times160=12.8\left(g\right)\)
nH2=0.1(mol)
Fe+2HCl-->FeCl2+H2
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 (mol)
mFe=0.1x56=5.6(g)
mFeCl2=0.1x127=12.7(g)
mFeCl3=39.4-12.7=26.7(g)
=>nFeCl3=26.7/162.5=0.16(mol)
Fe2O3+6HCl-->2FeCl3+3H2O
0.08 0.16
mFe2O3=0.08x160=12.8(g)
2Na + 2H2O \(\rightarrow\) 2NaOH + H2
0,4___________0,4______0,2
NaOH + HCl\(\rightarrow\) NaCl + H2O
0,4_____0,4____0,4
nNaCl= 0,4 (mol)
\(\rightarrow\) mNa= 9,2 (g)
mdd sau phản ứng= 9,2 + 100 - (0,2 . 2)=108,8 (g)
mNaOH= 16(g)
\(\rightarrow\) C%NaOH = \(\frac{16}{108,8}\).100= 14,7%
mddHCl=\(\frac{\text{0,4.36,5.100}}{10}\)=146 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,2 0,2
2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,2 0,2
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,2.18.\left(100\%-5\%\right)=3,42\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{H_2O}=0,2\cdot18\cdot\left(100-5\right)\%=3,42g\)
a) \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH ta có: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}.M_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH ta có: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c) \(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
a)mMg= 2,4/24=0,1(mol) nMgCl2=0,1.1/1=0,1 (mol) mMgCl2= 0,1.95=9,5(g) b)nH2=0,1.1/1=0,1(mol) v=n.22,4=2,24(lít
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,4958}{24,79}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,6.1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04<----0,02<-----0,02
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}< n_{HCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\left(0,04< 0,6\right)\Rightarrow HCl\) dư, \(CaCO_3\) tan hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=5-2=3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) dd sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,6}=\dfrac{14}{15}M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,6}=\dfrac{1}{30}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{2K + 2H2O }\rightarrow\text{2KOH + H2}\)
0,2__________0,2________0,1
\(\text{KOH + HCl}\rightarrow\text{KCl + H2O}\)
0,2_____0,2___________0,2
nKCl= \(\frac{14,8}{74,5}\)= 0,2 (mol)
\(\rightarrow\)mK= 0,2 .39= 7,8 (g)
\(\rightarrow\)VH2= 0,1.22,4= 2,24 (l)
VHCl=\(\frac{0,2}{0,5}\)=0,4M