Choa,b,c là các số hữu tỷ khác 0 thỏa mãn a + b + c = 0 .CMR:
M=\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\) là bình phương của 1 số hữu tỉ
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\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2.\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\) (do a+b+c = 0)
=> \(B=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{ \left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
=> đpcm
1) \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}+\frac{2}{xy}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
3/ Ta có:
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Ta có:
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)
\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)
1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{0}{abc}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
Lời giải:
$a+b+c=abc$
$\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2+ab+ac+bc=bc(a^2+1)$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\Leftrightarrow a^2+1=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{bc}$
Tương tự với $b^2+1, c^2+1$. Khi đó:
$Q=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)(b+a)(c+a)(c+b)}{bc.ac.ab}=[\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{abc}]^2$ là bình phương 1 số hữu tỉ.
Ta có đpcm.
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b^2},\frac{b}{c^2},\frac{c}{a^2}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\frac{abc}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{1}{abc}=1\)
Theo bài ra ta có : \(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)-1+z\left(x+y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-x-y+1\right)+z\left(x+y-1-xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)-z\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(1-z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b^2}{b^2}.\frac{b-c^2}{c^2}.\frac{a^2-c}{a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b^2\right)\left(b-c^2\right)\left(c-a^2\right)=0\)
Ta có đpcm
a + b + c = 0
=> (a + b + c)2 = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
=> ab + bc + ca = \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\)
=> \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2\)
=> \(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2\)(vì a + b + c = 0)
Lại có \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2}{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\right)^2}{\left(abc\right)^2}=\left(\frac{\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}}{abc}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\right)^2\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)là bình phương của 1 số hữu tỉ
Ta có:
M=1/a^2+1/b^2+1/c^2 = (a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2)/a^2b^2c^2
Bình phương 2 vế a+b+c=0
=> a^2+b^2+c^2 = -2(ab+bc+ca)
=> (a^2 +b^2 +c^2)^2 =4 [a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2 + 2abc(a+b+c)]
=> (a^2 +b^2 +c^2)^2/4 = a^2b^2 + b^2c^2 + c^2a^2
=> M = [(a^2 +b^2 +c^2)/2abc]^2
Vì a,b,c là các số hữu tỷ
=> M là bình phương của số hữu tỷ
\(M=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2b^2ac-2c^2ab-2a^2bc}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2\) là bình phương 1 số hửu tỉ.