cho a,b dương thỏa mãn a+b+2ab=12
Tìm min A=\(\dfrac{a^2+ab}{a+2b}+\dfrac{b^2+ab}{2a+b}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Dấu BĐT bị ngược, sửa đề: \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).
Đặt \(b^2=x\left(x>0\right)\Rightarrow a+x=2ax\).
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2a^2x+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ax^2+2a^2x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2ax\left(a+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{ax\left(a+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\)
Ta thấy: \(a+x\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ax\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax-\sqrt{ax}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\left(\sqrt{ax}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow ax\ge1\)
Khi đó: \(\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).
Đề có lẽ là "Tìm maxP" chứ nhỉ?
Vì a,b là các số thực dương nên:
\(P=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+2b^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{a}}\)
Ta có \(2b\ge ab+4\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a}\ge b+\dfrac{4}{a}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có \(b+\dfrac{4}{a}\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a}\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{b}{a}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}-1\right)^2\ge1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}-1\ge1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}\ge4\).
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{b}{a}\Rightarrow x\ge4\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{P}=2x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\left(\dfrac{x}{16}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\dfrac{31x}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{16}.\dfrac{1}{x}}+\dfrac{15.4}{16}=\dfrac{33}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{4}{33}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{a}=4\\2b=ab+4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(MaxP=\dfrac{4}{33}\).
Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
\(a\ge2b\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\ge2\)
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right)-2=\dfrac{a}{4b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{7}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)-2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{4ab}}+\dfrac{7}{4}.2-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(a=2b\)
Ta có: \(12=a+b+2ab\ge2ab+2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow0< ab\le4\)
Chú ý: \(2ab=12-a-b\) . Do đó:
\(A=\frac{2a^2+2ab}{2a+4b}+\frac{2b^2+2ab}{4a+2b}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a^2+4\right)+4-a-b}{2a+4b}+\frac{2\left(b^2+4\right)+4-a-b}{4a+2b}\)
\(\ge\frac{7a-b+4}{2a+4b}+\frac{7b-a+4}{4a+2b}=\frac{7\left(a-b\right)^2+108\left(4-ab\right)}{6\left(2a+b\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\frac{8}{3}\ge\frac{8}{3}\)
P/s: Em chưa check lại đâu, anh tự check đi:D Và chú ý cái dấu "=" cuối cùng của em chỉ đúng khi a + b +2ab = 12.
Cách khác:
Dễ thấy \(0< ab\le4\) (như bài trên)
\(A-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{2\left(a-2\right)^2}{2a+4b}+\frac{2\left(b-2\right)^2}{4a+2b}+\frac{7\left(a-b\right)^2+108\left(4-ab\right)}{6\left(2a+b\right)\left(a+2b\right)}\ge0\)
P/s: Nếu bài trên đúng thì bài này đúng, bài trên sai thì bài này sai, vì bài này được suy ra từ bài trên:v
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2a}{b}-\dfrac{2b}{a}-1\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=ab\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\le ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right);\dfrac{ac}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+a}+\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\frac{a(a+b)}{a+2b}+\frac{b(b+a)}{2a+b}=(a+b)\left(\frac{a}{a+2b}+\frac{b}{2a+b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz và AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{a+2b}+\frac{b}{2a+b}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+2ab}+\frac{b^2}{2ab+b^2}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{(a+b)^2+2ab}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{(a+b)^2+\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Do đó:
\(A\geq \frac{2(a+b)}{3}\)
Cũng theo BĐT AM-GM: \(12=a+b+2ab\leq a+b+\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^2+2(a+b)-24\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b-4)(a+b+6)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\geq 4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{2}{3}(a+b)\geq \frac{8}{3}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{8}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)