Cho các số thực dương x,y thỏa mãn xy = 4 .Chứng minh x + y \(\ge\)4 và \(\frac{1}{x+3}+\frac{1}{y+3}\)\(\le\frac{2}{5}\)
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Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
`(x-y)^2>=0`
`<=>x^2-2xy+y^2>=0`
`<=>x^2+y^2>=2xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=4xy`
`<=>(x+y)^2>=16`
`<=>x+y>=4(đpcm)`
\(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}=\dfrac{x+3+y+3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(y+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)(vì \(xy=4\))
=> \(\dfrac{x+y+6}{3x+3y+13}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(5\left(x+y+6\right)\)≤\(2\left(3x+3y+13\right)\)
<=>\(6x+6y+26-5x-5y-30\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(x+y-4\)≥\(0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{ab}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\)≥\(\sqrt{xy}\)
<=>\(x+y\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{xy}\)
=>2\(\sqrt{xy}-4\)≥\(0\)
<=> \(4-4\)≥0
<=>0≥0 ( Luôn đúng )
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+3}\)≤\(\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(z+x+y\right)^2}\ge16\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}\le\frac{x^2}{2\sqrt{x^4.yz}}=\frac{x^2}{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{yz}}\)(BĐt cosi) (1)
CMTT: \(\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xz}}\) (2)
\(\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{xy}}\)(3)
Từ (1); (2) và (3) =>A = \(\frac{x^2}{x^4+yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^4+xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^4+xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt \(ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
cmt đúng: <=> \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Khi đó: A \(\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xyz}=\frac{3xyz}{2xyz}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cho a, b, c mà bắt chứng minh x, y, z nên ko chứng minh đc là đúng òi:)
\(VT-VP=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(x-y\right)^4}{4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\le\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
Suy ra: \(P=6\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]+8\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(xy\right)^2\right]+\frac{5}{xy}\)
\(\ge6\left(1-\frac{3}{4}\right)+8\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{8}\right)+\frac{5}{\frac{1}{4}}\) (Do x+y=1) \(\Rightarrow P\ge6-\frac{9}{2}+2-1+20=\frac{45}{2}\)(đpcm).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=1/2.
ta có \(\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{x^2+x}{4}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\frac{1\cdot\left(x^2+x\right)}{\left(x^2+x\right)\cdot4}}=1\)
tương tự => \(\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}>=1;\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}>=1\)
=> VT >= 3-(\(\frac{x^2+x}{4}+\frac{y^2+y}{4}+\frac{z^2+z}{4}\))=3-\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3}{4}\)
mà \(\frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{z^2}{4}>=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4+4+4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=> P>= 3-3/4-3/4=3/2
Dấu bằng khi x=y=z=1
Bài bạn Lương Ngọc Anh bị ngược dấu nên sai hoàn toàn. Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
Tương tự, ta được:
\(VT=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(3+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Do đó:
\(VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=3\left(2\right)\)
TỪ (1) VÀ (2) TA CÓ ĐIỀU PHẢI CHỨNG MINH.
3: \(P=\dfrac{x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{y+x}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{z}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = x = \(\dfrac{1}{3}\).
Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có: \(xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)(bđt cosi)
=> \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\ge4\) <=> \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge16\) <=> \(x+y\ge4\)
CM bđt tương đương: \(\frac{1}{x+3}+\frac{1}{y+3}\le\frac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(\frac{5\left(x+3\right)+5\left(y+3\right)}{\left(y+3\right)\left(y+3\right)}\le2\)
<=> \(2\left(xy+3x+3y+9\right)\ge5x+5y+30\)
<=> \(2.4+6\left(x+y\right)+18-5\left(x+y\right)-30\ge0\)
<=> \(x+y-4\ge0\) (vì x + y \(\ge\)4)
<=> \(4-4\ge0\) (Luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM