Với x,y không âm ; tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
\(P=x-2\sqrt{xy}+3y-2\sqrt{x}+2004,5\)
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\(A=\left(x+y-z\right)\left(y+z-x\right)\left(z+x-y\right)\)
\(áp\) \(dụng\) \(bđt:\) \(\)\(AM-GM:a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le\dfrac{a+b}{2}\Leftrightarrow ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2=\left(x+y-z\right)^2\left(y+z-x\right)^2\left(z+x-y^2\right)=\left(x+y-z\right)\left(y+z-x\right)\left(y+z-x\right)\left(z+x-y\right)\left(x+y-z\right)\left(z+x-y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y-z\right)\left(y+z-x\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+y-z+y+z-x\right)^2}{4}\le\dfrac{4y^2}{4}\le y^2\\\left(y+z-x\right)\left(z+x-y\right)\le\dfrac{\left(y+z-x+z+x-y\right)^2}{4}\le z^2\\\left(x+y-z\right)\left(z+x-y\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+y-z+z+x-y\right)^2}{4}\le x^2\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\)\(\Rightarrow A^2\le x^2y^2z^2\le\left(xyz\right)^2\Rightarrow A\le xyz\)
a> c1: \(=1-\sqrt{x^3}=1-\sqrt{x^2.x}=1-x\sqrt{x}\)
c2 \(=1+\sqrt{x}+x-\sqrt{x}-x-x\sqrt{x}=1-x\sqrt{x}\)
b> c1: \(=\sqrt{x}\left(4-\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{x\left(x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}}\left(4-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
c2: \(=4\sqrt{x\left(x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}-\sqrt{2x\left(x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}=\sqrt{x\left(x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}\left(4-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+9\right)+\left(y^2+9\right)+3\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge6x+6y+6xy=90\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+18\ge90\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge18\)
\(P_{min}=18\) khi \(x=y=3\)
\(x+y+xy=15\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le15\\y\le15\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x-15\right)\le0\\y\left(y-15\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le15x+15y\) (1)
Cũng từ đó ta có: \(\left(x-15\right)\left(y-15\right)\ge0\Rightarrow xy\ge15x+15y-225\)
\(\Rightarrow16x+16y-225\le x+y+xy=15\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\le15\) (2)
(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\le15.15=225\)
\(P_{max}=225\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;15\right);\left(15;0\right)\)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y}\) thì \(a,b\ge0\)
\(P=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+2004,5=\left(\frac{a^2}{3}-2ab+3b^2\right)+\left(\frac{2}{3}a^2-2a+\frac{3}{2}\right)+2003\)
\(=\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{3}b\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(a-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+2003\ge2003\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = 3/2 , b = 1/2
Vậy Min P = 2003 khi x = 9/4 , y = 1/4
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y}\) thì \(a,b\ge0\)
\(P=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+2004,5=\left(\frac{a^2}{3}-2ab+3b^2\right)+\left(\frac{2}{3}a^2-2a+\frac{3}{2}\right)+2003\)
\(=\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{3}b\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(a-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+2003\ge2003\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = 3/2 , b = 1/2
Vậy Min P = 2003 khi x = 9/4 , y = 1/4