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\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
a)
$BaCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + 2HCl$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,1 < n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,1.233 = 23,3(gam)$
b)
A gồm :
$HCl : 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$H_2SO_4\ dư : 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,1= 0,2(lít)$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2} = 1M$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,2} = 0,5M$
c)
$2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,2.40}{15\%} = 53,33(gam)$
a.CuCl2 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl
0.15 0.3 0.15 0.3
Cu(OH)2 -> CuO + H2O
0.15 0.15
nNaOH = 0.3 mol
\(CM_{CuCl2}=\dfrac{0.15}{2}=0.075M\)
b.Vdd sau phản ứng = 0.2 + 0.15 = 0.35l
\(CM_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.35}=0.86M\)
c.mCuO = \(0.15\times80=12g\)
\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)
Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)
\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$K_2SO_4 + BaCl_2 \to BaSO_4 + 2KCl$
b)
$n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{K_2SO_4} : 1 > n_{BaCl_2} : 1$ nên $K_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,3.233 = 69,9(gam)$
c) $n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5(lít)$
$C_{M_{K_2SO_4} } = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M$
$C_{M_{KCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,5} = 1,2M$
a. PTHH: 3NaOH + AlCl3 ---> Al(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl (1)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
=> mNaOH = 12(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{m_{AlCl_3}}{200}.100\%=13,35\%\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy AlCl3 dư
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.78=7,8\left(g\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaCl}}=12+200-7,8=204,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaCl}=0,3.58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{17,55}{204,2}.100\%=8,59\%\)
c. PTHH: 2Al(OH)3 ---to---> Al2O3 + 3H2O (2)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2(mol)\\ H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\to BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,2(mol)\\ a,m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6(g)\\ b,V_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1,5}\approx 0,13(l)\\ c,n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2+0,13}\approx 1,21M\)
\(d,\) Dd sau p/ứ là HCl nên làm quỳ tím hóa đỏ
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{\downarrow}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{\text{dd}BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{1,5}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(l\right)\\ c,C_{M\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{\dfrac{2}{15}+0,2}=1,2\left(M\right)\\ d,V\text{ì}.c\text{ó}.\text{dd}.HCl\Rightarrow Qu\text{ỳ}.ho\text{á}.\text{đ}\text{ỏ}\)
a) PTHH: \(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,25}=1,8\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,45}{2,1}\approx0,21\left(M\right)\)
(Coi như thể tích dd thay đổi không đáng kể)
d) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{FeCl_3}=0,225mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225\cdot98}{20\%}=110,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{110,25}{1,14}\approx96,71\left(ml\right)\)
