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\(n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,34=0,68(mol)\\ a,CuSO_4+2NaOH\to Na_2SO_4+Cu(OH)_2\downarrow\\ Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu(OH)_2}=0,68.98=66,64(g)\\ b,n_{CuO}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,68.80=54,4(g)\\ c,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{200}{1,25}=160(ml)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.32\%}{100\%.40}=1,6(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuSO_4}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{2}\) nên \(NaOH\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH(dư)}=1,6-0,68.2=0,24(mol); n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,68(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} C_{M_{NaOH(dư)}}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,16}=1,5M\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,68}{0,16}=4,25M \end{cases}\)
PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}\\n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{NaCl}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\\C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot40}{200}\cdot100\%=8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.10\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
bđ: 0,3 0,5
pứ: 0,25 0,5 0,5 0,25
[ ]: 0,05 0 0,5 0,25
\(PTHH:Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
(mol) 0,25 0,25
\(a.m_C=80.0,25=20\left(g\right)\)
\(b.m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,5=29,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{CuCl_2\left(du\right)}=135.0,05=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=100+200-24,5=275,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCuCl_2\left(du\right)}=\dfrac{135.0,05}{275,5}.100=2,45\left(\%\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{0,5.58,5}{275,25}.100=10,62\left(\%\right)\)
a) \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b) \(n_{CuSO_4}=0,4.1=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) => CuSO4 hết, NaOH dư
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
_______0,4----->0,8---------->0,4-------->0,4
Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
0,4------------->0,4
=> mCuO = 0,4.80 = 32 (g)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(1-0,8\right).40=8\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,4.142=56,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.5V\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.1...............0.05\)
TH1 : Al(OH)3 không bị hòa tan.
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.1...........0.3................0.1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(l\right)\)
TH2 : Al(OH)3 bị hòa tan một phần
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.2...........0.6................0.2\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.5V-0.6...0.5V-0.6\)
\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0.2+0.5V-0.6=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=1\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}=n_{CuCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2+0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. PTHH: 3NaOH + AlCl3 ---> Al(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl (1)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
=> mNaOH = 12(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{m_{AlCl_3}}{200}.100\%=13,35\%\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy AlCl3 dư
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.78=7,8\left(g\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaCl}}=12+200-7,8=204,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaCl}=0,3.58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{17,55}{204,2}.100\%=8,59\%\)
c. PTHH: 2Al(OH)3 ---to---> Al2O3 + 3H2O (2)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\)