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Ta có: \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\)
\(\frac{ca}{\sqrt{b+ac}}=\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
Cộng 3 vế ta được: \(P\le\frac{\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy MinP = 1/2
\(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a.1+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}=\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+cb+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng tức cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
cộng vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Có a+b+c=1 => c=(a+b+c).c=ac+bc+c2
\(\Rightarrow c+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+b}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}=\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{bc}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{ca}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
thử dùng cô si đi
\(\sqrt{c+ab}\) =\(\sqrt{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}=\sqrt{c^2+ac+cb+ab}=\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
\(\frac{ab}{\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\frac{ab}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
ttu \(\frac{bc}{\sqrt{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right);\frac{ac}{\sqrt{b+ca}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b+a}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{bc+ac}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ac+ab}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{bc+ab}{2\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
dau = xay ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Bài toán quy về 2 bài toán nhỏ hơn!
Cho các số dương ab + bc +ca = 1.
a) Tìm Max: \(M=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
(Lời giải tại: Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Linh Chi. Bài làm của anh Thắng, trong lời giải có phần giống với đề bên trên.)
b) Tìm Min: \(N=a^2+28b^2+28c^2\)
Có: \(N=\frac{1}{4}\left(2a-7b-7c\right)^2+\frac{63}{4}\left(b-c\right)^2+7\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge7\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=7\)
Từ đó tìm được \(P\le\frac{9}{4}-7=-\frac{19}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{7}{\sqrt{15}};b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\)
Với ab + bc + ca = 1 và áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta được:
\(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)\(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{a+b}.\frac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+b}.\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{2c}{a+c}.\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{\frac{2a}{a+b}+\frac{2a}{a+c}}{2}+\frac{\frac{2b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}{2}+\frac{\frac{2c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}{2}=\frac{2+2+\frac{1}{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{4}\)(*)
Mặt khác, cũng theo AM - GM, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{49b^2}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{2}.\frac{49b^2}{2}}=7ab\)(1)
\(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{49c^2}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{2}.\frac{49c^2}{2}}=7ac\)(2)
\(\frac{7}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\frac{7}{2}.2\sqrt{b^2c^2}=7bc\)(3)
Cộng theo từng vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(\frac{2a^2+56b^2+56c^2}{2}\ge7\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=7\)
hay \(a^2+28b^2+28c^2\ge7\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra \(P=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}-a^2-28b^2-28c^2\)
\(\le\frac{9}{4}-7=\frac{-19}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{7}{\sqrt{15}};b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\)
BĐT Cô-si:
\(\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Bạn tách căn kia ra là nhìn thấy vấn đề:
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)}\)
