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a) \(\overrightarrow{a}=2\overrightarrow{u}+3\overrightarrow{v}=2\left(3;-4\right)+3\left(2;5\right)=\left(6;-8\right)+\left(6;15\right)\)\(=\left(12;7\right)\).
b) \(\overrightarrow{b}=\overrightarrow{u}-\overrightarrow{v}=\left(3;-4\right)-\left(2;5\right)=\left(1;-9\right)\).
c) Hai véc tơ \(\overrightarrow{c}=\left(m;10\right)\) và \(\overrightarrow{v}\) cùng phương khi và chỉ khi:
\(\dfrac{m}{2}=\dfrac{10}{5}=2\Rightarrow m=4\).
a) \(\overrightarrow{u}=3\overrightarrow{a}+2\overrightarrow{b}-4\overrightarrow{c}=3\left(2;1\right)+2\left(3;-4\right)-4\left(-7;2\right)\)
\(=\left(6;3\right)+\left(6;-8\right)-\left(-28;8\right)\)
\(=\left(6+6+28;3-8-8\right)=\left(40;-13\right)\).
b) \(\overrightarrow{x}+\overrightarrow{a}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{c}-\overrightarrow{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(3;-4\right)-\left(-7;2\right)-\left(2;1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(3+7-2;-4-2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{x}=\left(8;-7\right)\).
c) Có \(\overrightarrow{c}\left(-7;2\right)=k\overrightarrow{a}+h\overrightarrow{b}=k\left(2;1\right)+h\left(3;-4\right)\)
\(=\left(2k+3h;k-4h\right)\).
Từ đó suy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2k+3h=-7\\k-4h=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k=-2\\h=-1\end{matrix}\right.\).
\(\overrightarrow{u}\left(2;3\right)=2\left(1;0\right)+3\left(0;1\right)=2\overrightarrow{i}+3\overrightarrow{j}\).
\(\overrightarrow{u}\left(-1;4\right)=-\left(1;0\right)+4\left(0;1\right)=-\overrightarrow{i}+4\overrightarrow{j}\).
\(\overrightarrow{u}\left(2;0\right)=2.\left(1;0\right)+0.\left(0;1\right)=2\overrightarrow{i}+0\overrightarrow{j}\).
\(\overrightarrow{u}\left(0;-1\right)=0.\left(1;0\right)-1.\left(0;1\right)=0\overrightarrow{i}-\overrightarrow{j}\).
\(\overrightarrow{u}\left(0;0\right)=0.\left(1;0\right)+0.\left(0;1\right)=0\overrightarrow{i}+0\overrightarrow{j}.\)