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Áp dụng công thức tọa độ trung điểm:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\frac{x_A+x_B}{2}=2\\y_I=\frac{y_A+y_B}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I\left(2;1\right)\)
Lời giải:
$I$ là trung điểm $AB$ nên:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}
\frac{x_A+x_B}{2}=x_I\\
\frac{y_A+y_B}{2}=y_I\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
x_B=2x_I-x_A\\
y_B=2y_I-y_A\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x_B=2.0-1=-1\\ y_B=2(-2)-0=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy $B(-1,-4)$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_B=\dfrac{x_A+x_C}{2}\\y_B=\dfrac{y_A+y_C}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+x_C=4\\3+y_C=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_C=3\\y_C=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
1.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\dfrac{x_A+x_B}{2}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y_I=\dfrac{y_A+y_B}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow I\left(-\dfrac{3}{2};1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_G=\dfrac{x_A+x_B+x_C}{3}=0\\y_G=\dfrac{y_A+y_B+y_C}{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow G\left(0;0\right)\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CI}=\left(-\dfrac{9}{2};3\right)\\\overrightarrow{AG}=\left(-2;-3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CI=\sqrt{\left(-\dfrac{9}{2}\right)^2+3^2}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\\AG=\sqrt{\left(-2\right)^2+\left(-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.
Gọi \(D\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-7;-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{DC}=\left(3-x;-2-y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ABCD\) là hbh \(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{DC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-7=3-x\\-4=-2-y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow D\left(10;2\right)\)
4. Gọi \(H\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{CH}=\left(x-3;y+2\right)\\\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-2;y-3\right)\\\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(8;-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
H là trực tâm \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AH\perp BC\\CH\perp AB\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BC}=0\\\overrightarrow{CH}.\overrightarrow{AB}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8\left(x-2\right)-1\left(y-3\right)=0\\-7\left(x-3\right)-4\left(y+2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-y=13\\-7x-4y=-13\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow H\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_I=\dfrac{x_A+x_B}{2}=\dfrac{-1+3}{2}=1\\y_I=\dfrac{y_A+y_B}{2}=\dfrac{5+\left(-1\right)}{2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I\left(1;2\right)\)
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