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a)
$n_{CaCO_3} = 0,12(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,6(mol)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\text{→}CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ban đầu 0,12 0,6 (mol)
Phản ứng 0,12 0,24 (mol)
Sau pư 0 0,36 0,12 (mol)
$V = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688(lít)$
b)
$n_{Cl^-} = 0,6(mol) ; n_{H^+} = 0,36(mol)$
$n_{Ca^{2+}} = 0,12(mol)$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,6}{0,2} = 3M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,36}{0,2} = 1,8M$
$[Ca^{2+}] = \dfrac{0,12}{0,2} = 0,6M$
a,\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{12}{100}=0,12\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Mol: 0,12 0,12
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,12}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\)⇒ HCl dư,CaCO3 pứ hết
\(V_{CO_2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Mol: 0,15 0,15 0,1
\(V_{NO}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{ddCu\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75M\)
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{K_2CO_3}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CaCl_2}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(K_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+2KCl\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.05}{1}>\dfrac{0.01}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow K_2CO_3dư\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CaCl_2}=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=0.01\cdot100=1\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
Các chất có trong dung dịch :
\(K_2CO_3\left(dư\right):0.04\left(mol\right),KCl:0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.04\cdot2+0.02}{0.2}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[CO_3^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.04}{0.2}=0.2\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.02}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)
\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)
\(b.\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.001..........0.002\)
\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)
