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\(n_{NaOH}=0,1.0,01=0,001(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{OH^{-}}=0,001(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=0,03.0,2=0,006(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H^{+}}=0,006(mol)\\ H^{+}+OH^{-}\to H_2O\\ 0,001<0,006\\ OH^{-} hêt; H^{+} dư\\ n_{H^{+}}=0,006-0,001=0,005(mol)\\ [H^{+}]=\frac{0,005}{0,1+0,2}=\frac{1}{60}M\\ \to pH=-log(\frac{1}{60})=1,77 \)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)
\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)
\(b.\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.001..........0.002\)
\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)
Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
giả sử \(V=500ml=0,5l\)
ta có \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,01\times0,5=5\times10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}=0,03\times0,5=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PT : \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
( \(5\times10^{-3}\) ) (\(5\times10^{-3}\)) (mol)
\(\Rightarrow nH^+dư=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow PH=-log[H^+]=-log\left(\dfrac{0,01}{0,5+0,5}\right)=2\)
nNaOH=0,1.0,01=0,001(mol)
nHCl=0,1.0,012=0,0012(mol)
NaOH + HCl\(\rightarrow\)NaCl + H2O
nHCl dư=0,0012-0,001=0,0002(mol)
CMH+=\(\frac{0,0002}{0,2}\)= 0,001(M)
pH=-log(0,001)=3
Ok, để thử coi chứ tui ngu hóa thấy mồ :(
a/ \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH\rightarrow Na^++OH^-\)
\(n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MNa^+}=\frac{0,02}{0,4+0,1}=0,04\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2=Ba^{2+}+2OH^-\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,24\left(mol\right);n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MBa^{2+}}=\frac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,02+0,24=0,26\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MOH^-}=\frac{0,26}{0,5}=0,52\left(mol/l\right)\)
b/ \(n_{HCl}=0,2V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=0,2V\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MCl^-}=\frac{0,2V}{2V}=0,1\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3V\left(mol\right)=\frac{n_{H^+}}{2}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MSO_4^{2-}}=\frac{0,3V}{2V}=0,15\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,2V+0,6V=0,8V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MH^+}=\frac{0,8V}{2V}=0,4\left(mol/l\right)\)
Bác nào hảo tâm giúp em mấy câu còn lại chớ đến đây thì em chịu chết òi :(
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
\(Đặt:V_{ddHCl}=V_{ddKOH}=a\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,01a\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KOH}=0,03a\left(mol\right)\\ HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,01a}{1}< \dfrac{0,03a}{1}\Rightarrow KOHdư\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=0,03a-0,01a=0,02a\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\left(dư\right)\right]=\left[KOH\left(dư\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,02a}{a+a}=0,01\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[0,01\right]=12\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,03.0,1=0,003\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,01.0,01=0,0001\left(mol\right)\\ NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,0001}{1}< \dfrac{0,003}{1}\\ \Rightarrow NaOHdư\\ n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,003-0,0001=0,0029\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\left(dư\right)\right]=\left[NaOH_{dư}\right]=\dfrac{0,0029}{0,01+0,1}=\dfrac{29}{1100}\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[\dfrac{29}{1100}\right]\approx12,421\)