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Đặt: (a;b;c;d)→(2016;x;y;2015)(a;b;c;d)→(2016;x;y;2015)
Phương trình trở thành:
∑ab+c=2∑ab+c=2
Đây chính là bất đẳng thức NesbitNesbit 4 biến.
Suy ra x=2015;y=2016x=2015;y=2016.
Đặt: (a; b; c; d) --> (2016; x; y; 2015)
Phương trình trở thành: \(\text{∑}\frac{a}{b+c}=2\)
=> x = 2015; y = 2016
mk mà đúng thì nhớ k cho mk nh bạn giải như vầy nè
Với x;y dương ta có:F=\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)
=\(\frac{a\left(a+d\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+d\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)+\(\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(d+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(d+c\right)}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{a^2+c^2+ad+bc}{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)+\(\frac{b^2+d^2+ab+cd}{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
=\(\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+ad+bc+cd\right)}{^{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}}\) (áp dụng bđt xy\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\))mặt khác có 2(\(a^2 +b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+ac+bc+cd\))-\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)=\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2-2ac-2bd\)=\(\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)suy ra F\(\ge\)2, dấu ''=''xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=c ;b=d
Aps dụng với a=2016;b=x;c=y;d=2015ta có\(\frac{2016}{x+y}+\frac{x}{y+2015}+\frac{y}{4031}+\frac{2015}{x+2016}=2\)
nên x; y cần tìm là 2015 và 2016
Bạn xem đề thử nguyên hay nguyên dương nhé. Nguyên dương thì còn thấy đường làm chứ nguyên thì bó tay.
đặt 2016=a;x=b;y=c;2015=d
pt trở thành:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}=2\)
đến đấy là bđt nesbit 4 số,dễ rồi
a) Ta có:
\(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}+\frac{2b+c}{b+c}+\frac{2c+d}{c+d}+\frac{2d+a}{d+a}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(\frac{2a+b}{a+b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2b+c}{b+c}-1\right)-1\right]+\left[\left(\frac{2c+d}{c+d}-1\right)+\left(\frac{2d+a}{d+a}-1\right)-1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a.\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b.\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{c.\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{d.\left(c+d\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab+b^2}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}-\frac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{cd+d^2}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}-\frac{cd+ac+d^2+ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ab+ac+ab+b^2-ab-ac-b^2-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\frac{cd+ac+cd+d^2-cd-ac-d^2-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=-\frac{cd-ad}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab-bc}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{ad-cd}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d.\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{d}{\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)}\) (vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương).
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right).\left(d+a\right)=d\left(a+b\right).\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bc+bd\right).\left(d+a\right)=\left(ad+bd\right).\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2+abc=b^2d+acd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd^2-b^2d=acd-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)=ac.\left(d-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd.\left(d-b\right)-ac.\left(d-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(d-b\right).\left(bd-ac\right)=0\)
Vì \(a;b;c;d\) là số nguyên dương.
\(\Rightarrow d-b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow d-b\ne0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bd=ac.\)
Lại có:
\(A=abcd\)
\(\Rightarrow A=ac.bd\)
\(\Rightarrow A=ac.ac\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(ac\right)^2.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=abcd\) là số chính phương (đpcm).
Chúc bạn học tốt!
* Với a, b, c > 0 ta có:
\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(=\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)
\(=\)\(\frac{a\left(a+d\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}+\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\)\(\ge\frac{a^2+c^2+ad+bc}{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}+\frac{b^2+d^2+ab+cd}{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)\(=\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) (Theo bất đẳng thức \(xy\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)\))
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+ad+bc+cd\right)-\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2-2ac-2ad=\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=c\\b=d\end{matrix}\right.\)
* Áp dụng: \(\frac{2016}{x+y}+\frac{x}{y+2016}+\frac{y}{4031}+\frac{2015}{x+2016}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=2015\), \(y=2016\)
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