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1.
\(2sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)+sinx+2cosx=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}sinx+cosx+sinx+2cosx=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)sinx+3cosx=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}sinx+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}cosx\right]=3\)
Đặt \(\alpha=arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}sin\left(x+\alpha\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\alpha\right)=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\alpha=arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\\x+\alpha=\pi-arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=\pi-2arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm:
\(x=k2\pi;x=\pi-2arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\)
2.
\(\left(sin2x+cos2x\right)cosx+2cos2x-sinx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sinx.cos^2x+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x-sinx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2cos^2x-1\right)sinx+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x.sinx+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x.\left(sinx+cosx+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)
\(x\in\left[-\frac{\pi}{2};\frac{\pi}{2}\right]\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}\in\left[-\frac{\pi}{4};\frac{\pi}{4}\right]\Rightarrow cos\frac{x}{2}\ne0\)
Đặt \(t=tan\frac{x}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sinx=2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2sin\frac{x}{2}}{cos\frac{x}{2}}.cos^2\frac{x}{2}=\frac{2t}{1+t^2}\\cosx=cos^2\frac{x}{2}-sin^2\frac{x}{2}=cos^2\frac{x}{2}\left(1-tan^2\frac{x}{2}\right)=\frac{1-t^2}{1+t^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Pt trở thành: \(\frac{2mt}{1+t^2}+\frac{2\left(1-t^2\right)}{1+t^2}=1-m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\left(t+1\right)^2=3t^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow m=\frac{3t^2-1}{\left(t+1\right)^2}=\frac{6t^2-2}{2\left(t+1\right)^2}=\frac{-3\left(t^2+2t+1\right)+\left(9t^2+6t+1\right)}{2\left(t+1\right)^2}=-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{\left(3t+1\right)^2}{2\left(t+1\right)^2}\ge-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m\ge-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)+sinx.cosx\left(sinx+cosx\right)=m\left(sinx+cosx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2cosx-2sinx\right)\left(sinx+cosx\right)+sinx.cosx\left(sinx+cosx\right)=m\left(sinx+cosx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\left(\text{vô nghiệm trên đoạn xét}\right)\\2cosx-2sinx+sinx.cosx=m\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1), đặt \(t=cosx-sinx=\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\in\left[-1;1\right]\\sinx.cosx=\dfrac{1-t^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2t+\dfrac{1-t^2}{2}=m\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+2t+\dfrac{1}{2}\) trên \(\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=2\notin\left[-1;1\right]\) ; \(f\left(-1\right)=-2\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow-2\le f\left(t\right)\le2\Rightarrow-2\le m\le2\)
Đk:\(cosx\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow cosx\ne\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\);\(k\in Z\)
Pt \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)cosx-\left[1-cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\right]}{2cosx-1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)cosx-1+cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x\right)=2cosx-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{3}cosx+sinx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\) (\(k\in Z\)) kết hợp với đk \(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)(\(k\in Z\))
ĐKXĐ: \(cosx\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x\ne\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
\(\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)cosx+cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)-1=2cosx-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sinx-\sqrt{3}cosx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tanx=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\pi\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ \(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
