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Lời giải:
a. $x^2+y^2+4y+13-6x$
$=(x^2-6x+9)+(y^2+4y+4)$
$=(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2$
b.
$4x^2-4xy+1+2y^2-2y$
$=(4x^2-4xy+y^2)+(y^2-2y+1)$
$=(2x-y)^2+(y-1)^2$
c.
$x^2-2xy+2y^2+2y+1$
$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+(y^2+2y+1)$
$=(x-y)^2+(y+1)^2$
a. \(x^2+y^2+4y+12-6x=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\)b. \(4x^2-4xy+1+2y^2-2y=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\)c. \(x^2-2xy+2y^2+2y+1=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2\)
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
TA có :
\(H=x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y=\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2x-2y\right)-1=\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\) nên \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
Vậy GTNN của H là -1 khi x+y-1=0 => x+y = 1
BẢO HÙNG HÓM HỈNH LỚP TAO LÀM CHO CÒN TAO CHO Ý H
H=\(X^2+2XY+Y^2-2X-2Y\)
H=\(\left(X+Y\right)^2-2\left(X+Y\right)\)
H=\(\left(X+Y\right)^2\)\(-2.\left(X+Y\right).1+1\))-1
H=\(\left(X+Y-1\right)^2-1\)
VẬY GTNN LÀ -1
A= 2x^2 + y^2 - 2xy -2x+3
A= x^2-2xy + y^2 + x^2 - 2x+ 1 +2
A= (x-y)^2 + (x-1)^2 + 2
(x-y)^2> hoặc = 0 với mọi giá trị của x
(x-1)^2 > hoặc =0 với mọi giá trị của x
=> (x-y)^2 + (x-1)^2 > hoặc =0 với mọi giá trị của x
=> (x-y)^2 + (x-1)^2 + 2 > hoặc =2
=> A lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2
=> GTNN của A=2 tại x=y=1
a) \(4x^2+12x+1=\left(4x^2+12x+9\right)-8=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(4x^2-3x+10=\left(4x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{151}{16}=\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c) \(2x^2+5x+10=\left(2x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{8}\right)+\dfrac{55}{8}=\left(\sqrt{2}x+\dfrac{5\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
d) \(x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
e) \(2x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
f) \(4x^2+2y^2+4xy+4y+5=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(4x^2+12x+1\)
\(=4x^2+12x+9-8\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(4x^2-3x+10\)
\(=4\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{9}{64}+\dfrac{151}{64}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c: Ta có: \(2x^2+5x+10\)
\(=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{2}x+5\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}+\dfrac{55}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
A= -x2+2x+3
=>A= -(x2-2x+3)
=>A= -(x2-2.x.1+1+3-1)
=>A=-[(x-1)2+2]
=>A= -(x+1)2-2
Vì -(x+1)2 ≤0=> A≤-2
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
-(x+1)2=0 => x=-1
Vây A lớn nhất= -2 khi x= -1
B=x2-2x+4y2-4y+8
=> B= (x2-2x+1)+(4y2-4y+1)+6
=> B=(x-1)2+(2y+1)2+6
=> B lớn nhất=6 khi x=1 và y=-1/2
$A=x^2+y^2-6x+4y+20=(x^2-6x+9)+(y^2+4y+4)+7$
$=(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2+7\geq 0+0+7=7$
Vậy $A_{\min}=7$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-3)^2=(y+2)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=3; y=-2$
---------------------
$B=9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+30$
$=(9x^2-18x+9)+(y^2-6y+9)+(2z^2+4z+2)+10$
$=9(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-6y+9)+2(z^2+2z+1)+10$
$=9(x-1)^2+(y-3)^2+2(z+1)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-1)^2=(y-3)^2=(z+1)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=3; z=-1$
$C=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz+3$
$2C=2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz+6$
$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+(y^2-2yz+z^2)+(x^2-2xz+z^2)+6$
$=(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+6\geq 6$
$\Rightarrow C\geq 3$
Vậy $C_{\min}=3$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x-y=y-z=z-x=0$
$\Leftrihgtarrow x=y=z$
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$D=5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+2021$
$=2(y^2+2xy+x^2)+3x^2-2x+4y+2021$
$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+3x^2-6x+2021$
$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+2+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$
$=2[(x+y)^2+2(x+y)+1]+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$
$=2(x+y+1)^2+3(x-1)^2+2016\geq 2016$
Vậy $D_{\min}=2016$ khi $x+y+1=x-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=-2$
\(G=x^2-2xy+2y^2+2x-10y+17\\ \\ =x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2+2x-2y-8y+1+16\\ \\ =\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy+2x-2y\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)\\ \\ =\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\)
Do \(\left(x-y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow G=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y+1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-4\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y-1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(G_{\left(Min\right)}=0\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y\\ =x^2+2xy+y^2-2x-2y+1-1\\ =\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2x-2y\right)-1\\ \\ =\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\)
Do \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\left(x+y-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\forall x;y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi:
\(\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y=1\)
Vậy \(H_{\left(Min\right)}=-1\) khi \(x+y=1\)