Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct

answer to each of the question.

If "suburb" means an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.

With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class 64whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.                                                                                                 

The word "encroachment" is closest in meaning to­­­­___________

A. the smell of the factories

B. the growth of mill towns 

C. the development of waterways 

D. the loss of jobs

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án B

Từ ”encroachment" có nghĩa gần nhất với_______

A. mùi của các nhà máy                        B. sự phát triển của các thị trấn nhà máy

C. sự phát triển của đường thủy              D. mất việc

Căn cứ vào ngữ cảnh của câu sau: "In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors." ( Trong thời gian, các nhà máy được bao quanh bởi các thị trấn nhà máy và căn nhà liền kề mọc lên nhanh ở các thành phố chính và lâu đời hơn. Để bảo vệ chống lại sự bành trướng này và để mở rộng căn cứ thuế của họ, các thành

phố đã lấn sang các vùng lân cận)

=> Đáp án là B (encroachment = the growth of mill towns)