Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

BRINGING UP CHILDREN

Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible - for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basic of work in child clinics.

The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.

With regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that“Example is better than precept”. If they are hypocritical and do not practice what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been, to some extent, deceived. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion.

The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children_________________________.

A. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains

B. is to send them to clinics

C. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced

D. offers recapture of earlier experiences

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án D

Thông tin: Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. … This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basic of work in child clinics.

Dịch nghĩa: Trong trường hợp một giai đoạn phát triển của trẻ đã bị bỏ sót, hoặc không được trải nghiệm đầy đủ, trẻ có thể phải quay trở lại và nắm bắt những kinh nghiệm đó. ... Nguyên tắc này, trên thực tế, làm nền tảng cho tất cả các điều trị tâm lý của trẻ em gặp khó khăn với sự phát triển của họ, và là điều cơ bản của công việc tại các phòng khám trẻ em.

Như vậy nguyên tắc được nhắc đến chính là việc quay lại nắm bắt những điều bị thiếu sót. Phương án D. offers recapture of earlier experiences = đề nghị sự lấy lại những kinh nghiệm trước đó, là phương án chính xác nhất

          A. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains = nằm trong việc cung cấp đồ chơi đồng hồ và xe lửa   

A good home makes this possible - for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. = Một ngôi nhà tốt khiến điều này có thể - ví dụ, bằng cách cung cấp các cơ hội cho trẻ chơi với một chiếc xe ô tô dây cót hoặc đồ chơi tàu hỏa lên đến độ tuổi bất kì nếu trẻ vẫn cần phải làm như vậy.

Đây chỉ là một ví dụ cho nguyên tắc được đưa ra trong bài.

          B. is to send them to clinics = là gửi chúng đến phòng khám.

Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.                   

          C. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced = là để nắm bắt chúng trước khi chúng được trải nghiệm đầy đủ.

Thông tin sai với thông tin được nêu trên.