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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adverselyAir pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws

B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws

C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants

D. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution

1
10 tháng 1 2018

D

 Dòng nào dưới đây ủng hộ nhiều nhất cho bài văn ?

A.   Để kiểm soát ô nhiễm tốt hơn, chính phủ khu vực cần thường xuyên xem lại các luật lệ ô nhiễm không khí

B.   Một trong những bước quan trọng trong bảo tồn nguồn đất tự nhiên là áp dụng tốt hơn luật về ô nhiễm không khí

C.   Các nhà khoa học cần được tham khảo ý kiến để thiết lập 1 giới hạn chung cho mọi nhân tố ô nhiễm không khí

D.   Hoạt động của con người đã có hiệu quả trong việc giảm thiểu ô nhiễm không khí

=> Đáp án D

Dịch bài

          Một tác nhân gây ô nhiễm không khí được định nghĩa là 1 hợp chất bị thải vào không khí trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp bởi con người với số lượng đủ để ảnh hưởng đến con người, động vật, thực vật, hay những nguyên liệu khác một cách đáng kể. Ô nhiễm không khí cần có 1 định nghĩa linh hoạt cho phép những thay đổi liên tục. Khi luật về ô nhiễm không khí được thiết lập ở Anh vào thế kỉ 14, các tác nhân gây ô nhiễm không khí bị giới hạn là những hợp chất có thể nhìn thấy hay ngửi thấy – khác xa với danh sách kéo dài những hợp chất được biết đến ngày nay. Khi công nghệ càng phát triển và kiến thức về nhiều hoá chất trên lĩnh vực sức khoẻ ngày càng gia tăng, danh sách các tác nhân ô nhiễm không khí đã dài hơn rất nhiều. Trong tương lai, thậm chí sự bốc hơi nước cũng bị coi là 1 tác nhân gây ô nhiễm không khí dưới những điều kiện nhất định.

          Nhiều tác nhân ô nhiễm, như SO2, CO2, NO được tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Khi Trái đất phát triển, sự tập trung vào các nhân tố gây ô nhiễm này bị thay đổi bởi các phản ứng hoá học, chúng trở thành những phần tử nằm trong chy kỳ hoá sinh. Những phần tử này hoạt động như 1 chu trình làm sạch không khí bằng cách cho phép các hợp chất này di chuyển từ không khí sang nước hay đất. Trên nền tảng toàn cầu, sản lượng tự nhiên của những hợp chất này là kết quả từ quá trình sinh hoạt của con người.

          Tuy nhiên, sản phẩm của con người thường xuất hiện trong một khu tách biệt, như trong 1 thành phố. Trong 1 vùng như thế, sản lượng chất thải sinh hoạt thường chiếm ưu thế và tạm thời có thể vượt quá chu trình làm sạch tự nhiên . Kết quả là 1 lượng gia tăng các hoá chất độc hại trong không khí. Sự tập trung gây xuất hiện những tác động sẽ lớn hơn sự tập trung mà những nhân tố gây ô nhiễm có thể có nếu không có hoạt động sinh hoạt của con người. Sự tập trung thực tế không nhất thiết phải lớn đủ để 1 hợp chất trở thành 1 nhân tố gây ô nhiễm; thực tế, giá trị về mặt số liệu cho chúng ta biết rất ít cho đến khi chúng ta biết những con số này biểu thị cho mức độ gia tăng lớn như thế nào dựa vào sự tập trung xảy ra tự nhiên trong khu vực. Ví dụ, SO2 và những ảnh hưởng sức khoẻ có thể tìm thấy ở mức độ 0.08 ppm, gấp 400 lần mức độ bình thường. Tuy vậy, CO có mức độ là 0.1 ppm và nó không thường trở thành 1 tác nhân cho đến khi mức độ của nó đạt đến khoảng 15 ppm.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The economic impact of air pollution.

B. What constitutes an air pollutant. 

C. How much harm air pollutants can cause. 

D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.

1
21 tháng 5 2019

Chọn B.

Đáp án là B.

Giải thích: Bài văn chủ yếu bàn về :

A. Tác động về mặt kinh tế của ô nhiễm không khí

B. Những gì hợp thành 1 tác nhân ô nhiễm không khí

C. Mức độ nguy hại mà chất ô nhiễm gây ra

D. Ảnh hưởng của các hợp chất bị thêm vào không khí

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions ___.

A. can be dwarfed by nature’s output of pollutants

B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants 

C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions 

D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants

1
1 tháng 8 2017

Chọn B.

Đáp án là B.

Giải thích: 

Đoạn 3: However, human production usually occurs in a LOCALIZED area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

The word "adversely" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. negatively

B. quickly

C. admittedly 

D. considerably

1
21 tháng 6 2017

Chọn A.

Đáp án là A.

Giải thích: Từ “adversely: 1 cách tiêu cực/bất lợi” gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào sau đây?

A. negatively: tiêu cực

B. quickly: nhanh chóng

C. admittedly: thừa nhận rằng

D. considerably: đáng kể

Dịch: An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials ADVERSELY.

(Một chất gây ô nhiễm không khí được định nghĩa là một hợp chất được đem trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp vào khí quyển bởi con người ở một khối lượng gây ảnh hưởng đến con người, động vật, thực vật hay các nguyên liệu khác một cách tiêu cực.)

  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the...
Đọc tiếp

 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that __________.

 

A. water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas 

B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled 

C. the definition of air pollution will continue to change 

D. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities

1
11 tháng 4 2018

Chọn C.

Đáp án C.

Giải thích : Đáp án nằm ở : “Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change.”

(Ô nhiễm không khí cần có 1 định nghĩa linh hoạt cho phép những thay đổi liên tục.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area.

The word “These” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. The various chemical reactions 

B.The pollutants from the developing Earth 

C.The compounds moved to the water or soil 6 

D. The components in biogeochemical cycles

1
4 tháng 3 2019

Chọn D.

Đáp án D.

Giải thích:

Từ "these" trong đoạn thứ hai là gần nhất trong ý nghĩa với__________:

A. Các phản ứng hóa học khác nhau

B. Các chất gây ô nhiễm từ trái đất đang phát triển

C. Các hợp chất chuyển đến nước hoặc đất

D. Các thành phần trong chu kỳ sinh địa hóa

Ý trong bài : “As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil.”

(Khi Trái đất phát triển, sự tập trung vào các nhân tố gây ô nhiễm này bị thay đổi bởi các phản ứng hoá học, chúng trở thành những phần tử nằm trong chy kỳ hoá sinh. Những phần tử này hoạt động như 1 chu trình làm sạch không khí bằng cách cho phép các hợp chất này di chuyển từ không khí sang nước hay đất.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?

A. They function as part of a purification process

B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants

C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants

D. They have existed since the Earth developed

1
28 tháng 5 2018

Chọn A

Lí do nào dưới đây chất ô nhiễm tự nhiên có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí:

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and
nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these
pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in
biogeochemical cycles.

A.   Chúng đóng vai trò là một phần của quá trình thanh lọc

B.   Chúng chiếm số lượng lớn hơn những chất ô nhiễm

C.   Chúng ít có hại với vật thể sống hơn các chất ô nhiễm khác

D.   Chúng đã tồn tại từ khi Trái Đất phát triển

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adverselyAir pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?

A. They function as part of a purification process

B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants

C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants

D. They have existed since the Earth developed

1
24 tháng 5 2018

A

Lý do nào dưới đây khiến chất gây ô nhiễm tự nhiên có thể đóng vai trò quan trong trong việc kiểm soát ô nhiễm không khí?

A.   Chúng đóng vai trong là một phần của quá trình thanh lọc

B.   Chúng chiếm số lượng lớn hơn những chất ô nhiễm

C.   Chúng ít có hại với vật thể sống hơn các chất ô nhiễm khác

D.   Chúng đã tồn tại từ khi trái đất phát triển

Dẫn chứng: Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles.

Tạm dịch:  Nhiều chất gây ô nhiễm không khí quan trọng hơn, chẳng hạn như oxit lưu huỳnh, carbon monoxide và nitơ oxit, được tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Khi Trái đất phát triển, nồng độ của các chất ô nhiễm này bị thay đổi bởi các phản ứng hóa học khác nhau; chúng trở thành các thành phần trong các chu trình hóa sinh

=> Đáp án: A

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 22 to 28.An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 22 to 28.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm

For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?

1
3 tháng 8 2017

Đáp án A

Đề: Vì lý do nào sau đây mà các chất gây ô nhiễm tự nhiên đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc kiểm soát sự ô nhiễm không khí?

A. Chúng hoạt động với chức năng là một phần của quá trình thanh lọc.

B. Chúng xuất hiện với số lượng lớn hơn nhiều so với các chất gây ô nhiễm khác.

C. Chúng ít có hại tới các sinh vật sống hơn so với các chất gây ô nhiễm khác.

D. Chúng đã luôn tồn tại từ khi trái đất hình thành.

Đoạn 2: “Many of the more important air pollutants, such as… are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme…”

Dịch: Nhiều chất gây ô nhiễm không khí quan trọng/nghiêm trọng hơn, như… được tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Khi trái đất hình thành/phát triển, chúng trở thành các thành phần trong các chu kỳ sinh hoá. Chúng có tác dụng như là một cách thanh lọc không khí…

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm

For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?

A. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.

B. They have existed since the Earth developed

C. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.

D. They function as part of a purification process.

1
7 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án là D

Từ câu trên cho thấy các chất thải tự nhiên hoạt động như một phần của của chu trình làm sạch.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40. An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adverselyAir pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.

According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions _____.

A. can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants

B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants

C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions

D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants

1
22 tháng 10 2019

B

Theo đoạn văn, chất gây ô nhiễm không khí do con người tạo ra trong một khu vực xác định:

A.   Có thể ít hơn bởi sản lượng tự nhiên của chất ô nhiễm

B.   Có thể quá tải với hệ thống tự nhiên loại bỏ các chất gây ô nhiễm

C.   Có thể phá hủy vùng bên ngoài khu vực

D.   Dẫn đến các phản ứng có hại với chất ô nhiễm thiên nhiên

Dẫn chứng: In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles.

Tạm dịch: Trong một khu vực như vậy, sản lượng của con người có thể chiếm ưu thế và có thể tạm thời làm quá tải sơ đồ thanh lọc tự nhiên của các chu kỳ.

Đáp án: B