Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal cost. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies. In the 1960s and early 1970s, the public accepted the notion of electricity being generated by nuclear power plants in or near residential areas. By 1975, 54 plants were fully operational, supplying 11 percent of the nation’s electricity, and another 167 plants were at various stages of planning and construction. Officials estimated that by 1990 hundreds of plants would be on line, and by the turn of the century as many as 1000 plants would be in working order.

Since 1975, this outlook and this estimation have changed drastically, and many utilizes have cancelled existing orders. In some cases, construction was terminated even after billions of dollars had already been invested. After being completed and licensed at a cost of almost $6 billion, the Shoreham Power Plant on Long Island was turned over to the state of New York to be dismantled without ever having generated electric power. The reason was that residents and state authorities deemed that there was no possibility of evacuating residents from the area should an accident occur.

Just 68 of those plants under way in 1975 have been completed, and another 3 are still under construction. Therefore, it appears that in the mid1990s 124 nuclear power plants in the nation will be in operation, generating about 18 percent of the nation’s electricity, a figure that will undoubtedly decline as relatively outdated plants are shut down

What was initially planned for the nation’s fuel supply in the 1950s and in the early 1960s?

A. Expansion and renovation of existing fuel-generating plants

B. Creation of additional storage capacities for fossil fuels

C. Conversion of the industry and the economy to nuclear power

D. Development of an array of alternative fuel and power sources

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án C

Cái gì được chuẩn bị đầu tiên cho việc cung cấp nhiên liệu cho quốc gia trong những năm 1950 và đầu những năm 1960?

Đáp án C – Sự chuyển đổi ngành công nghiệp và nền kinh tế sang điện hạt nhân

Dẫn chứng – Câu 1 – 2 – 3 – Đoạn 1: “Because geologists have long indicated that fossil fuels will not last indefinitely, the U.S government finally acknowledged that sooner or later other energy sources would be needed and, as a result, turned its attention to nuclear power. It was anticipated that nuclear power plants could supply electricity in such large amounts and so inexpensively that they would be integrated into an economy in which electricity would take over virtually all fuel-generating functions at nominal cost. Thus, the government subsidized the promotion of commercial nuclear power plants and authorized their construction by utility companies.”

Tạm dịch – Bởi vì các nhà địa chất học đã chi ra rằng nhiên liệu hóa thạch sẽ không kéo dài vô hạn, chính phủ Mỹ cuối cùng đã thừa nhận rằng không sớm hoặc muộn các nguồn năng lượng khác sẽ là cần thiết và do đó đã chuyển sự chú ý đến năng lượng hạt nhân. Nó được liệu trước rằng nhà máy điện hạt nhân có thể cung cấp điện với số lượng lớn và không quá đắt cái chúng ta có thể kết kết trong 1 nền kinh tế cacis mà điện sẽ đảm nhận hầu hết các chức năng tạo ra nhiên liệu với chi phí thấp. Do đó, chính phủ đã trợ cấp cho việc quảng bá nhà máy điện hạt nhân và ủy quyền xây dựng cho các công ty đạt tiêu chuẩn hóa.

Các đáp án khác

A – Sự mở rộng và sự đổi mới của nhà máy sản xuất nhiên liệu có sẵn

B - Tạo ra khả năng lưu trữ bổ sung cho nhiên liệu hóa thạch

D - Phát triển một loạt các nguồn nhiên liệu và nguồn năng lượng thay thế