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1)
$Zn^0 \to Zn^{2+} + 2e$ x3
$N^{+5} + 3e \to N^{+2}$ x2
$3Zn + 8HNO_3 \to 3Zn(NO_3)_2 + 2NO + 4H_2O$
2)
\(Al^0 \to Al^{3+} + 3e\) x2
\(S^{+6} + 2e\to S^{+4}\) x3
$2Al + 6H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 + 6H_2O$
3)
\(Cr^{+6} + 3e \to Cr^{+3}\) x1
\(Fe^{+2} \to Fe^{+3} + 1e\) x3
$K_2Cr_2O_7 + 6FeSO_4 + 7H_2SO_4 \to 3Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + Cr_2(SO_4)_3 + K_2SO_4 + 7H_2O$
4)
\(Pb^{+4} + 2e \to Pb^{+2}\\ \) x1
\(2Cl^- \to Cl_2 + 2e\) x1
$PbO_2 + 4HCl \to PbCl_2 + Cl_2 + 2H_2O$
5)
$2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2$
6)
\((FeCu_2S_2)^0 \to Fe^{+3} + 2Cu^{+2} + 2S^{+4} + 15e\) x4
\(O_2 + 4e \to 2O^{-2}\) x15
$4FeCu_2S_2 + 15O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3 + 8CuO + 8SO_2$
3 ý cuối:
2KNO3 + 3C + S \(\rightarrow\)K2S + 3CO2 + N2
(5x-2y)Al +(18x-6y) HNO3 \(\rightarrow\) (5x-2y)Al(NO3)3 +3 NxOy + (9x-3y)H2O
2FexOy + (6x-2y)H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)xFe2(SO4)3 + (3x-2y)SO2 +(6x-2y) H2O
Câu 1:
a) 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
| 2Al0 -6e --> Al2+3 | x2 |
| O20 +4e--> 2O-2 | x3 |
b) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 +6 H2O
| 2Fe0-6e-->Fe2+3 | x1 |
| S+6 +2e--> S+4 | x3 |
c) Fe3O4 + 10HNO3 --> 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 5H2O
| \(Fe_3^{+\dfrac{8}{3}}-1e->3Fe^{+3}\) | x1 |
| \(N^{+5}+1e->N^{+4}\) | x1 |
d) \(10Al+38HNO_3->10Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+2NO+3N_2O+19H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{30.n_{NO}+44.n_{N_2O}}{n_{NO}+n_{N_2O}}=19,2.2=38,4=>\dfrac{n_{NO}}{n_{N_2O}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
| Al0 -3e --> Al+3 | x10 |
| 38H+ + 8NO3- +30e--> 2NO + 3N2O + 19H2O | x1 |
e) \(\left(5x-2y\right)M+\left(6nx-2ny\right)HNO_3->\left(5x-2y\right)M\left(NO_3\right)_n+nN_xO_y+\left(3nx-ny\right)H_2O\)
| M0-ne--> M+n | x(5x-2y) |
| \(xN^{+5}+\left(5x-2y\right)e->N_x^{+\dfrac{2y}{x}}\) | xn |
\(\text{1. 4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO }\)
\(\text{2 .FeS2 + 8HNO3 → 2H2O + 2H2SO4 + 5NO + Fe(NO3)3}\)
Đáp án A