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Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a) (x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)+1
b) (x2+3x+2)(x2+7x+12)+1
c) 12x2-3xy-8xz+2yz
a) \(A=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+1\)
\(A=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)\right]\left[\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\right]+1\)
\(A=\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)+1\)
Đặt \(a=x^2-5x+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=a^2-1^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=a^2\)
Thay \(a=x^2-5x+5\)vào A ta có :
\(A=\left(x^2-5x+5\right)^2\)
b) \(B=\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)+1\)
\(B=\left(x^2+x+2x+2\right)\left(x^2+3x+4x+12\right)+1\)
\(B=\left[x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\right]\left[x\left(x+3\right)+4\left(x+3\right)\right]+1\)
\(B=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)+1\)
Làm tương tự câu a)
c) \(12x^2-3xy-8xz+2yz\)
\(=3x\left(4x-y\right)-2z\left(4x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(4x-y\right)\left(3x-2z\right)\)
Lời giải:
a.
$x^2-7x+6=(x^2-x)-(6x-6)=x(x-1)-6(x-1)=(x-1)(x-6)$
b.
$x-3\sqrt{3}x-12\sqrt{3}$ không phân tích được thành nhân tử
c.
$x^2+4x-2$ không phân tích được thành nhân tử với các hệ số nguyên.
\(a,=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ b,=-5x^2+15x+x-3=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-5x\right)\\ c,=2x^2+2x+5x+5=\left(2x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ d,=2x^2-2x+5x-5=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\\ e,=x^3+x^2-4x^2-4x+x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\\ f,=x^2+x-5x-5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
\(A=x^2+3x+2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(B=x^2-4x-5=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(C=3x^2+7x+4=\left(x+1\right)\left(3x+4\right)\)
\(A=x^2+3x+2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(B=x^2-4x-5=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(C=3x^2+7x+4=\left(x+1\right)\left(3x+4\right)\)
\(x^3-x^2+7x-7=x^2\left(x-1\right)+7\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+7\right)\)
\(a,=\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\\ b,=4x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=4x^2\left(x+1\right)^2\\ c,=xy^2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=xy^2\left(x-y\right)^2\\ d,=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-7\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-7\right)\\ e,=\left(5x-2y\right)\left(5x+2y\right)\\ f,=x^2+3x+4x+12=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\\ i,=x^2+2x-7x-14=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
Ta có : \(M=\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\right].\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]+1=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)+1\)
Đặt \(t=x^2+5x+5\) \(\Rightarrow M=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)+1=t^2-1+1=t^2\)
Vậy \(M=\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2\)