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\(Ba(OH)_2 + CO_2 \rightarrow BaCO_3 + H_2O\)
Kiềm dư tác dụng oxit axit tạo muối trung hòa và nước
\(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{19,7}{197}=0,1 mol\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{CO_2}= n_{BaCO_3}= 0,1 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}= 0,1 . 22,4=2,24 l\)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
\(nHCl=0.2\times2=0.4mol\)
a.\(m=0.2\times24=4.8g\); \(V=0.2\times22.4=4.48l\)
b.MgCl2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl
0.2 0.2
\(mNaOH=20\%\times100=20g\Rightarrow nNaOH=0.5mol\)
=> MgCl2 hết, NaOH dư
\(mMg\left(OH\right)2=0.2\times58=11.6g\)
a, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ca\right):n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}-n_{CaCO3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{CaCO3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=13,44l\)
b, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCO3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(BTNT\left(Ba\right):n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}-n_{BaCO3}=0,175\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{CO2}=n_{BaCO3}+2n_{Ba\left(HCO3\right)2}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO2}=8,4l\)
c, Ta có : \(1< T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{SO2}}=1,875< 2\)
- Áp dụng phương pháp đường chéo :
Ta được : \(\dfrac{n_{NaHSO3}}{n_{Na2SO3}}=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7n_{NaHSO3}-n_{Na2SO3}=0\)
\(BTNT\left(Na\right):n_{NaHSO3}+2n_{Na2SO3}=0,375\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHSO3}=0,025\\n_{Na2SO3}=0,175\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_M=24,65g\)
PTHH: \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Na_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow2NaOH+BaSO_4\downarrow\) (2)
\(2NaOH+MgCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\) (3)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\) (4)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{60\cdot14,25\%}{208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{30\cdot19\%}{95}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) PT (2) p/ứ hết; PT (3) có MgCl2 dư 0,01 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{rắn}=m_{MgO}+m_{BaSO_4}=0,05\cdot\left(40+233\right)=13,65\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,1\cdot58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{4,9\%}=100\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot58=2,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}+m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddMgCl_2}-m_{BaSO_4}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=177,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx3,29\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,01\cdot95}{177,75}\cdot100\%\approx0,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(CaCO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CaO+CO_2\\ CO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaCO_3+H_2O\\ m_{BaCO_3}=17,73\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCO_3}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\ V=V_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,09}{2}=0,045\left(l\right)\)