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a)
Do \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{H_2O}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> \(\dfrac{n_C}{n_H}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Giả sử A có CTHH là CxH4xOy
Gọi số mol của A là a (mol)
=> 12ax + 4ax + 16ay = 3,2
=> ax + ay = 0,2 (1)
Bảo toàn C: nCO2 = ax (mol)
Bảo toàn H: nH2O = 2ax (mol)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(ay+0,4.2=2ax+2ax\)
=> 4ax - ay = 0,8 (2)
(1)(2) => ax = 0,2 (mol); ay = 0 (mol)
=> A chỉ chứa C và H
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=ax\left(mol\right)\\n_H=4ax\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_C=12.ax=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_H=1.4ax=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
Xét \(\dfrac{n_C}{n_H}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
=> CTPT: (CH4)n
Mà M = 16 g/mol
=> n = 1
=> CTPT: CH4
Câu 1:
\(m_{hh}=6+2,2=8,2g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3mol\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,2}{44}=0,05mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{hh}=3.22,4+0,05.22,4=68,32l\)
Câu 2:
BTKL: \(m_A+m_{O_2}=m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}+m_{CO_2}=80g\)
Ta có: \(m_{CO_2}:m_{H_2O}=11:9\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=\dfrac{80}{11+9}.11=44g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=36g\)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}+n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\\\dfrac{2.n_{H_2}+26.n_{C_2H_2}}{n_{H_2}+n_{C_2H_2}}=0,5.28=14\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{51,2}{32}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,4-->0,2
2C2H2 + 5O2 --to--> 4CO2 + 2H2O
0,4----->1------------>0,8
=> Y chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CO_2:0,8\left(mol\right)\\O_{2\left(dư\right)}:0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\overline{M}_Y=\dfrac{0,8.44+0,4.32}{0,8+0,4}=40\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M}_X=14\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(d_{X/Y}=\dfrac{14}{40}=0,35\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2 (X là H2)
0,1-------------------------->0,1
b, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{9,6}{80}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,12 > 0,1 => CuO dư
hh chất sau pư: CuO, Cu
Theo pthh: nCuO (pư) = nCu = nH2 = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,12-0,1\right).80=1,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Gọi $n_{CO} = a ; n_{NO} = b$
Ta có :
$28a + 30b = (a + b). $\dfrac{103}{14}.4$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{10}{7}a = \dfrac{4}{7}b$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{2}{5}(1)$
b)
$28a + 30b = 20,6(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ;b = 0,5
$n_{O_2} = 0,5(mol)$
2CO + O2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) 2CO2
0,2..........0,1............0,2........(mol)
2NO + O2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) 2NO2
0,5.........0,25...........0,5............(mol)
Sau phản ứng, B gồm :
CO2 : 0,2 mol
NO2 : 0,5 mol
O2 dư : 0,5 - 0,25 - 0,1 = 0,15(mol)
$n_{hh} = 0,2 + 0,5 + 0,15 = 0,85\ mol$
$\%n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,85}.100\% = 23,53\%$
$\%n_{NO_2} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,85} .100\% = 58,82\%$
$\%n_{O_2\ dư} = 17,65\%$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_B = m_A + m_{O_2} = 20,6 + 0,5.32 = 36,6(gam)$
$M_B = \dfrac{36,6}{0,85} = 43,06(g/mol)$
$d_{B/He} = \dfrac{43,06}{4} = 10,765$
a) \(M_A=\dfrac{103}{14}.4=\dfrac{206}{7}\)
Lập sơ đồ đường chéo :
=> \(\dfrac{n_{CO}}{n_{NO}}=\dfrac{30-\dfrac{206}{7}}{\dfrac{206}{7}-28}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
b)Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol CO, NO
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}28x+30y=20,6\\\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
0,2---->0,1---->0,2
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
0,5---->0,25--->0,5
=> Hỗn hợp khí B gồm : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}O_{2\left(dư\right)}=0,5-\left(0,1+0,25\right)=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(M_B=\dfrac{0,15.32+0,2.44+0,5.46}{0,15+0,2+0,5}=\dfrac{732}{17}\)
dB/He= \(\dfrac{732}{17}:4=\dfrac{183}{17}\approx10,77\)
\(a.\)
\(GS:\)
\(n_{hh}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{N_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{CO_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=1\left(1\right)\)
\(m_A=28a+44b=18\cdot2=36\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=b=0.5\)
\(\%m_{N_2}=\dfrac{0.5\cdot28}{0.5\cdot28+0.5\cdot44}\cdot100\%=38.89\%\)
\(\%m_{CO_2}=61.11\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{n_{N_2}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=\dfrac{1}{1}\)
\(n_{N_2}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot n_A=\dfrac{0.2}{2}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{CO_2}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot28+0.1\cdot44+44x}{0.2+x}=20\cdot2=40\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.2\)
\(m_{CO_2\left(cầnthêm\right)}=0.2\cdot44=8.8\left(g\right)\)
