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\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=8\\ \Rightarrow xy+x+y+1=8\\ \Rightarrow xy+x+y=7\)
\(x\left(x+1\right)+y\left(y+1\right)+xy=17\\ \Rightarrow x^2+y^2+x+y+xy=17\\ \Rightarrow x^2+y^2=10\)
a)\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-3y=1\\4x-5y=2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x-6y=2\\4x-5y=2\end{cases}}}\)
Trừ 2 vế lại ta được
\(4x-4x-6y+5y=0\Leftrightarrow-y=0\Leftrightarrow y=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
b)Đặt $S=x+y,P=xy$ thì được:
\(\left\{ \begin{align} & S+P=2+3\sqrt{2} \\ & {{S}^{2}}-2P=6 \\ \end{align} \right.\Rightarrow {{S}^{2}}+2S+1=11+6\sqrt{2}={{\left( 3+\sqrt{2} \right)}^{2}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} S = 2 + \sqrt 2 \\ P = 2\sqrt 2 \end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left( {x;y} \right) \in \left\{ {\left( {2;\sqrt 2 } \right),\left( {\sqrt 2 ;2} \right)} \right\}\\ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} S = - 4 - \sqrt 2 \\ P = 6 + 4\sqrt 2 \end{array} \right.\left( {VN} \right) \end{array} \)
\( c)\left\{ \begin{array}{l} 2{x^2} + xy + 3{y^2} - 2y - 4 = 0\\ 3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12 = 0 \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} 2\left( {2{x^2} + xy + 3{y^2} - 2y - 4} \right) - \left( {3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12} \right) = 0\\ 3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12 = 0 \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {x^2} + 2xy + {y^2} - 4x - 4y + 4 = 0\\ 3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12 = 0 \end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {\left( {x + y - 2} \right)^2} = 0\\ 3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12 = 0 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x + y - 2 = 0\\ 3{x^2} + 5{y^2} + 4x - 12 = 0 \end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x = 1\\ y = 1 \end{array} \right. \)
Tại sao lại x2 + 2xy + y2 = 4??? Theo đề bài thì (x + y)2 = 2 mà?
\(x^2+2xy+y^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=4-2xy=4-2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=2xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt suy ra \(x=y=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y=25\\10x-4y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-11y=23\\2x-3y=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{23}{11}\\x=\dfrac{5+3y}{2}=\left(5+3\cdot\dfrac{-23}{11}\right):2=-\dfrac{7}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : y - x = xy
\(\\\Rightarrow\) y = xy - x
Mặt khác : 4x + 3y = 5xy
\(\Rightarrow\) y = \(\dfrac{5xy-4x}{3}\)
Vì kết quả cùng là y, cho nên :
\(\Rightarrow\)xy - x = \(\dfrac{5xy-4x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{3xy-3x}{3}=\dfrac{5xy-4x}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow3xy-3x=5xy-4x\\ \Rightarrow3xy-5xy=-4x+3x\\ \Rightarrow-2xy=-x\\ \Rightarrow2xy=x\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{2xy}{x}=\dfrac{x}{x}\\ \Rightarrow2y=1\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
Tìm x theo y, ta có thể chọn 1 trong 2 phương trình :
\(y-x=xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}-x=\dfrac{1}{2}x\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}-x-\dfrac{1}{2}x=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}x=0\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}:\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{2}{6}\)
Vậy, \(y=\dfrac{1}{2};x=\dfrac{2}{6}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2-x\right)\left(2y-y^2\right)=20\\x^2-x+y^2-2y=19\end{matrix}\right.\).
Đặt \(a=x^2-x,b=y^2-2y\), ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-ab=20\\a+b=19\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=-20\\b=19-a\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow a\left(19-a\right)=-20\)\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+19a+20=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=20\\a=-1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với a = 20 suy ra b = 19 - 20 = -1.
Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x=20\\y^2-2y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-20=0\\y^2-2y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+4\right)\left(x-5\right)=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\).
Ta có hai cặp nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(-4,1\right);\left(x,y\right)=\left(5,1\right)\).
Với a = -1 suy ra \(x^2-x=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1=0\) (vô nghiệm).
Vậy hệ phương trình có hai cặp nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(-4,1\right);\left(x,y\right)=\left(5,1\right)\).
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