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a) Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R
\(n_R=\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 2nHCl --> 2RCln + nH2
\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)
=> \(M_{RCl_n}=M_R+35,5n=\dfrac{37,38}{\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}}\)
=> \(M_R=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 1 => MR = 9(Loại)
Xét n = 2 => MR = 18 (Loại)
Xét n = 3 => MR = 27(g/mol) => R là Al (Nhôm)
b)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,56}{27}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,28-->0,84--->0,28--->0,42
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,42.22,4=9,408\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,84.36,5=30,66\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{30,66.100}{12}=255,5\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 7,56 + 255,5 - 0,42.2 = 262,22 (g)
=> \(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{37,38}{262,22}.100\%=14,255\%\)
PTHH: \(2M+2xHCl\rightarrow2MCl_x+xH_2\) (x là hóa trị của M)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_M=\dfrac{0,4}{x}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{11,2}{\dfrac{0,4}{x}}=28x\)
Ta thấy với \(x=2\) thì \(M=56\) (Sắt)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(\text{Đ}\text{ặt}:A\\ A+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_A=n_{ACl_2}=2.n_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ M_{ACl}=\dfrac{11,7}{0,2}=58,5\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ M\text{à}:M_{ACl}=M_A+35,5\\ \Rightarrow M_A=23\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A:Natri\left(Na\right)\\ a=23.0,2=4,6\left(g\right)\)
nH2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
2M+2HCl→2MCl+H2
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,1
Có 0,2 .(M+35,5)=11,7(gam)
⇒ M=23 ⇒M là Na
mNa=23. 0,2= 4,6 (gam)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1........0.2................0.1\)
\(M_R=\dfrac{13.7}{0.1}=137\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(R:Ba\)
\(200\left(ml\right)=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
nMg = 0,1(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 +H2
nMg = nMgCl2= nH2 = 0,1(mol)
=> mmuối = 9,5(g)
VH2 = 2,24(l)
b) CMHCl = 0,2/0,1=2(M)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + 6HCl → 2MCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,02 0,06 0,02 0,03
\(M_M=\dfrac{0,54}{0,02}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là nhôm (Al)
\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,06.36,5.100\%}{500}=0,438\%\)
c) mdd sau pứ = 0,54 + 500 - 0,03.2 = 500,48 (g)
\(C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,02.133,5.100\%}{500,48}=0,53\%\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: M + 2H2O → M(OH)2 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{4}{0,1}=40\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ M là canxi (Ca)
\(C\%_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.74.100\%}{500}=1,48\%\)
b) \(m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=200.1,48=2,96\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{2,96}{74}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,04 0,08
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,08}{2}=0,04\left(l\right)=40\left(ml\right)\)
\(Đặt.kim.loại.kiềm:A\\ 2A+2HCl\rightarrow2ACl+H_2\\ m_{muối}-m_{kl}=m_{Cl^-}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Cl^-}=7,45-3,9=3,55\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{Cl^-}=\dfrac{3,55}{35,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_A=n_{ACl}=n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,M_A=\dfrac{3,9}{0,1}=39\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A\left(I\right):Kali\left(K=39\right)\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5.100}{31,7}=\dfrac{3650}{317}\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3650}{317}}{1,15}\approx10,012\left(g\right)\)