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1) Ta có: \(x^2-3x-7\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-3\right)-7\left(x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={3;7}
\(x^2-3x+2+\left|x-1\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-x+2+\left|x-1\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)-\left(x-2\right)+\left|x-1\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)+\left|x-1\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x\right)\left(x\ge1\right)\\x-1=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x< 1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(2-x-1\right)=0\\\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(loai\right)\\x=3\left(loai\right)\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.\) \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2+3x\left(x^2+1\right)+2x^2=0\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x^2+1\) , khi đó phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) trở thành:
\(t^2+3xt+2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(t+x\right)\left(t+2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{t+x=0}_{t+2x=0}\)
\(\text{*}\) \(t+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+x+1=0\)
Vì \(x^2+x+1=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ne0\) với mọi \(x\) nên phương trình vô nghiệm
\(\text{*}\) \(t+2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^2+2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=-1\)
Vậy, tập nghiệm của pt là \(S=\left\{-1\right\}\)
\(b.\) \(\left(x^2-9\right)^2=12x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^4-18x^2+81-12x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^4-18x^2-12x+80=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^4-2x^3+2x^3-4x^2-14x^2+28x-40x+80=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x^3\left(x-2\right)+2x^2\left(x-2\right)-14x\left(x-2\right)-40\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+2x^2-14x-40\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2+6x+10\right)=0\)
Vì \(x^2+6x+10=\left(x+3\right)^2+1\ne0\) với mọi \(x\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(^{x_1=2}_{x_2=4}\)
Vậy, phương trình đã cho có các nghiệm \(x_1=2;\) \(x_2=4\)
Ta có:
\(x^3+5x^2+3x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+2x^2+6x-3x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+3\right)+2x\left(x+3\right)-3\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(x+3\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm là \(\left\{1;-3\right\}\)
(3x-2)(3x-1)=(3x+1)2
<=> 9x2-3x-6x+2=9x2+6x+1
<=> 9x2-9x+2-9x2-6x-1=0
<=> -15x+1=0
<=> -15x=-1
<=> \(x=\frac{1}{15}\)
\(x^4+3x^2+x^3+2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x^3+x^2+2x^2+2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)
Do 2 thừa số ở VT đều > 0
\(\Rightarrow\) PTVN
\(x^4+x^3+3x^2+2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^4+x^3+x^2+2x^2+2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+1=0\left(VN\right)\\x^2+2=0\left(VN\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm