Question

[Baek Hyun]

Giải phương trình sau: \(2x^3-x^2+\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=3x+1+\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}\)

Answer 1

[Đào Thu Hoà]

\(2x^3-x^2+\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=3x+1+\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3-3x+1\right)-\left(x^2+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{2x^2-3x+1}-\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}=0\)(*)

Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=a\Rightarrow2x^3-3x+1=a^3\); \(\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}=b\Rightarrow b^3=x^2+2\)

Khi đó: (*) \(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=0\)( Vì: \(a^2+ab+b^2+1=\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}b^2+1>0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)hay \(\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-3x+1=x^2+2\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3+x^2\right)-\left(2x^2+x\right)-\left(2x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+1=0\left(1\right)\\x^2-x-1=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Giải (1)ta được \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Giải (2) ta có: \(x^2-x-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x-\frac{1}{2}=-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\\x=\frac{-\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình đã cho là: \(S=\left\{-\frac{1}{2};\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2};\frac{-\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right\}.\)